-Delile
I- Amasosha omzimba noma Amasosha omzimba Kuyindlela yokuzivikela yomzimba womuntu kanye nezilwane okuthi, ngokuhlangana okuhlangene komzimba, kwamakhemikhali nokwamaselula, kugcine ingaphakathi lomzimba lingenawo amakhemikhali angaphandle futhi angaba nobuthi futhi atheleleke, njengamagciwane, amagciwane nabanye ama-microorganisms.
Zonke lezi zindikimba zakwamanye amazwe ziyabizwa ama-antigen. Futhi ziphikiswa ngumzimba ngokukhishwa kwamaseli nezinto zokuzivikela, ezinjengezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-antibodies (amaseli amhlophe egazi): amaseli okunhloso yawo ukuthola, ukubona nokugcwala le mizimba engafuneki ukuvumela ukuxoshwa kwabo okulandelayo emzimbeni.
Ezinye izimpendulo ezijwayelekile zesistimu yomzimba zibandakanya ukuvuvukala (ukuhlukanisa indawo ethintekile), umkhuhlane (ukwenza umzimba ungahlali kalula ngokuhlasela amagciwane amancane), phakathi kwezinye izimpendulo ezingaba khona.
Amasosha omzimba akhiwe ngamaseli ahlukahlukene nezitho zomzimba, ezithweni ezikhiqiza amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, njengobende, umnkantsha kanye nezindlala ezahlukahlukene, kepha futhi nolwelwesi lwamafinyila kanye nezinye izingxenye zomzimba ezivumela ukuxoshwa noma ukuvimbela ukungena kwama-agent angaphandle.
Izinhlobo zamasosha omzimba
Izinhlobo ezimbili zamasosha omzimba ziyaqashelwa:
- Amasosha omzimba wemvelo. Ebizwa ngokuzalwa noma ngokungaqondile, imayelana nezindlela zokuzivikela zamakhemikhali empilo futhi eza nathi lapho sizalwa. Zijwayelekile cishe kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo, ngisho nezilula kakhulu futhi unicellular, abakwaziyo ukuzivikela ngokusebenzisa ama-enzyme namaprotheni avela lapho kukhona ama-parasitic agents.
- Amasosha omzimba atholakele. Okuvamile kwamagciwane omgogodla nezidalwa eziphilayo eziphakeme, okuyingxenye yokucacile okudingekayo ukuze amaseli anikezelwe ngokuphelele ekuvikeleni nasekuhlanzweni komzimba, axhumene nohlelo lwemvelo uqobo. Le ndlela yokuzivikela iyashintshashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi "ifunde" ukubona izinto ezithathelwanayo, ngaleyo ndlela iveze "inkumbulo" yokuzivikela. Lesi sakamuva yilokho okufanele ukugonywa.
Yini engalimaza amasosha omzimba?
Ngaphandle kokusebenza kahle nokusebenzisana kwayo, akuzona zonke izifo ezingalawulwa futhi zisuswe amasosha omzimba kuphela. Kwezinye izimo amasosha omzimba ahluleka ukukhomba noma ahlukanise umenzeli olimazayo, noma kwesinye isikhathi aze abe isisulu sawo. Kulezi zimo kubalulekile ukuthatha imithi.
Kuyafana nangezifo ezizimele, lapho amasosha omzimba uqobo eba yinkinga ngokuhlasela amaseli noma izicubu ezinempilo, ngephutha azibone njengabahlaseli.
Lapho umzimba unempendulo engatheni noma engasebenzi kahle yomzimba, kubhekiselwa kuyo njengomuntu ongacindezelekile noma ongenawo amandla omzimba.
Izimbangela zokwehluleka kokuzivikela komzimba zingaba eziningana, okungukuthi:
- Izifo zokuzivikela komzimba. Amanye ama-ejenti abangela izifo zokuvikela ukuzivikela njenge-AIDS, ahlasela ngokunembile amaseli amhlophe egazi lomzimba, ngobudlova obunjalo kangangokuthi awavumeli ukubuyiselwa kwawo ngesilinganiso esanele ukugcina umzimba uvikelekile. Ukuvela kwezinye izifo zokuzalwa, njengesifo esingapheliyo se-granulomatous, kuveza izimo ezifanayo yize zingenakudluliswa.
- Ukungondleki. Ukushoda kakhulu ekudleni, ikakhulukazi ukungabikho kwamaprotheni kanye nezakhamzimba ezithile ezifana ne-iron, i-zinc, ithusi, i-selenium namavithamini A, C, E, B6 kanye ne-B9 (folic acid) kunomthelela oqondile kwikhwalithi yamasosha omzimba aphendulayo. Ngakho-ke, abantu abasesimweni sokungondleki noma abanokuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, bavezwa kakhulu ezifweni kunalabo abondlekile kakhulu.
- Utshwala, ukubhema nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Ukuphuza ngokweqile utshwala, ugwayi nezidakamizwa kunomthelela omubi emasosheni omzimba, uwenze buthaka futhi ashiye umzimba uvulelekile ukuze ungenwe amagciwane.
- Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezibucayi, kuthwala ubuthakathaka obuningi bezempilo, obunye babo ukwehla okukhulu kwesistimu yomzimba.
- Imisebe. Omunye wemiphumela emikhulu yokungcola komzimba womuntu ngemithamo ephezulu yemisebe ye-ionizing yi-immunosuppression, ngenxa yomonakalo odalwa yilezi zinhlayiya emnkantsheni wethambo. Kuyisimo esibikwe ko-opharetha abangazivikeli bezinto ezinobungozi, noma izisulu zezingozi zenuzi ezifana neChernobyl.
- Amakhemikhali. Izindlela zokwelapha ezinamandla zokubhekana nomdlavuza noma ezinye izifo ezingelapheki zivame ukuba nolaka kakhulu, uma kubhekwa ubunjalo bezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, okwenza amasosha omzimba ethuke kakhulu. Yingakho lezi zindlela zokwelashwa zivame ukuhambisana nokudla kanye nokunye ukunakekelwa okuvumela ukuphikisana nalo mphumela kancane.
- Imithi ethile. Eminye imithi iyakwazi ukunciphisa noma ukulinganisela ukuphendula komzimba, ngakho-ke isetshenziselwa ukubhekana nezimo zokuzivikela komzimba. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kabi kungaholela ekwehleni okuyingozi ekuphenduleni komzimba. Ukusetshenziswa ngokungakhethi kwama-antibiotic nakho kungaba nomthelela wokuzivikela emzimbeni.
- Ukuzivikela komzimba. Leli yigama elinikezwe ukwehla kokusebenza kwesistimu yomzimba yomzimba eza neminyaka esekhulile, imvamisa ngemuva kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, futhi lokho kungumphumela wokwehla kwemvelo kumasosha omzimba.
- Ukungabi nokuzivocavoca umzimba. Kufakazelwe ukuthi impilo esebenzayo, okusho ukuthi, ngezindlela zokuzivocavoca umzimba, iqinisa amasosha omzimba futhi ithuthukise impendulo yawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, impilo yokuhlala phansi ivame ukwehla futhi yenze buthaka ukusabela komzimba.
- Ukucindezeleka. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwesimo somuntu somzwelo namasosha omzimba kufakazelwe, ukuze umuntu ocindezelekile alethe impendulo ehamba kancane kunaleyo enesifiso sokuphila.
