-Delile
I- parasitism buhlobene ngqo nobudlelwano obuthile, ubudlelwano obusungulwe phakathi kwezidalwa ezimbili, lapho omunye ehlala ngokulahlekelwa kwesinye. Abalingisi ababili abadingekayo ebudlelwaneni be-parasitism yibo abajoyina imvelo yabanye abantu (amagciwane) kanye nalowo ohlinzeka ngezindlela zokwenza okwenziwe yizinambuzane (ezibizwa ngokuthi Isivakashi).
Ubudlelwano bungenzeka ngezindlela eziningi, futhi umbungazi angabona okuningi noma okuncane ulinyazwe yilo gciwane enenzuzo ethile yokuphendula. Ngu Izici zobudlelwano be-parasitism ngukuthi leli gama livame ukucaciswa futhi liyiswe kwezinye izincazelo, kufaka phakathi imikhuba yabantu lapho abanye abantu besizakala ngabanye.
Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo zebacteria
I- amagciwane, kwesinye isikhathi ihlala ngaphakathi komgcini wayo. Isici esiyinhloko salokhu uhlobo lwe-parasitism ukuthi umphathi unezinhlayiya zomzimba ezithile, ezihlobene ne-parasite, imvamisa eyakhiwe ngama-micro-parasites amaningi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi kungenzeka ama-ectoparasites lezo ezingangeni ngaphakathi kwesinye isifanekiso, lapho icala elijwayelekile kakhulu kungaba lelo lamaqanda abekwe esidlekeni esingeyona esabo. Izidalwa ezibambayo zivame ukwakha izindlela zokuzivikela ezinciphisa ukusebenza kwama-parasites, njengoba kwenzeka ezitshalweni ezikhiqiza ubuthi obufuna ukuvimbela isikhunta.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kujwayelekile futhi kufayela le- inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo lapho lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ziguquka zifuna ukufeza inhloso yazo: izilwane ezifuna ukusizakala zifuna ukugwema ukuba yizisulu zezilokazane, kuyilapho izimuncagazi ziguquka ukuze ziqhubeke nokutheleleka kulowo ophethe.
Ingakusebenzela:
- Izibonelo ze-Symbiosis
- Izibonelo Zamaketanga Okudla
- Izibonelo Zokubambisana
- Izibonelo Zokuguqulwa Kwezinto Eziphilayo
Ngokuvamile lapho ama-ejenti eba izimuncagazi, kancane kancane ilahlekelwa ukusebenza komzimba noma komzimba. Ukukhishwa kwama-molecule asuka kumsingathi kwenza kungadingeki ukuhlanganisa awabo, njengoba kwenzeka kuma-virus okuyizimo ze-parasitism. Kuyinsakavukela ukuthi i-parasitism ayibonakali ngeso lenyama, kepha kusukela ngesikhathi lapho umninikhaya ehlangabezana nomonakalo odalwe yigciwane, imvamisa ukungondleki noma izifo.
Isimo esivame ukwenzeka siyabizwa hyperparasitism. Yilokhu okwenzekayo lapho i-parasite iphila ngokudla esinye isinambuzane: amaketanga esinambuzane akhiwa kulawa macala yilawo akhiqiza amandla emvelo kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane, kanye nokuba esinye sezisekelo zokulawulwa kwezifo nezinambuzane ngokwemvelo.
Izibonelo ze-parasitism
Amacala alandelayo akha i-parasitism, ngokusho kwencazelo ebonwayo:
- Amazeze: Izimuncagazi ezihlala esikhunjeni sezilwane, zibanga amagciwane futhi zicashe eboyeni.
- Umuhlwa: Izinambuzane ezikhubaza izihlahla, zizicekele phansi ngokuphelele.
- I-Saculina: Kusuka emndenini we-barnacle. Lapho ethola inkalankala, ujove ingxenye ethambile yomzimba wakhe lapho, ayenze ibe yinyumba.
- Ama-leeches: Zidla ngegazi lezinye izilwane.
- Izikelemu: Zivamile ezilwaneni nasemuntwini, zondla ngokususa izakhamzimba nokuhlasela ezinye izitho.
- Imikhaza: Izimuncagazi zangaphandle ezondla egazini lababungazi, ezisabalalisa izifo ezifana ne-typhus.
- Iminyovu ye-Emerald cockroach: Isinambuzane esigwaza amaphela ngocingo lwaso. Ijova amaqanda, kuthi lapho izibungu zichanyuselwa zidle izicubu ezingabalulekile zephela.
- I-Amoebas: Izimuncagazi zamathumbu ezilwane kanye nabantu, okudala ukungondleki kahle kanye nezifo.
- Isibungu saseGuinea: Sihlala emazezeni amancane emanzini omfula. Ukuphuza lolo hlobo lwamanzi kuvumela isibungu ukuthi singene emzimbeni, esakha amabhamuza esikhunjeni futhi siveze umuzwa ovuthayo.
- Amagciwane: Izimuncagazi ezisebenza ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni, zidala izifo eziningi.
- I-Helminth: Izinhlobo zezilwane ezinomzimba omude ezithinta umzimba wezinye izinhlobo.
- I-ProtozoaIzilwane ezilula ezakhiwe nge iseli, eziningi izimuncagazi zezitshalo nezilwane. Zikhiqiza izifo ezifana ne-Chagas noma i-trichomoniasis.
- Ama-Rhodophyte: Ulwelwe olubomvu, ama-parasites avamile amanye ama-rhinophytes. Ifaka i-cell nuclei yayo kumaseli omgcini, ikhiqiza amangqamuzana ocansi we-genome yesinambuzane.
- Izibungu: Izimuncagazi ezincane ezihlala esikhunjeni somuntu, ezidla uketshezi.
- Isaka lamabhendi aluhlaza: Ikhula ngaphakathi komnenke, ebuyela ekuziphatheni kwayo okunesibindi kakhulu ifuna izindawo ezivezwe umbono wazo zonke. Isinambuzane sihlala ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla labadla iminenke, sizala futhi sikhiphe amaqanda endleni yaso, ngokuvamile izinyoni.
Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo Zababulali Nezisulu (Ngezithombe)
