Ukulima

-Delile

• Abalimi bezolimo
• Izinhlobo zokulima
• Izici zezitshalo ze-horticultural
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo ze-horticultural

I- ukulima Yisayensi enakekela konke okuphathelene nemifino. Lokhu kusuka ebuchwephesheni obudingekayo bokuhlwanyela, ukunakekela, ukuvuna, ukusabalalisa, intengo nokusetshenziswa okulandelayo.

Ngokombono oqinile wegama "ukulima”Kuchazwa njengomhlaba lapho kutshalwa khona imifino noma izilimo. Lo mhlaba ungaba banzi (okungukuthi, ube namakhulu amahektha) noma ube namamitha ambalwa nje.

I- ukulima Yikho konke okubhekisa ekunakekelweni kwemifino kungakhathalekile isikhathi senqubo okuyo.

Abalimi bezolimo

Ama-Horticulturists yilabo bantu abaphethe ukwenza ukuthuthuka okudingekayo ukuze izilimo zibe nenzuzo enkulu. Ngale njongo, kusetshenziswa omanyolo abakhethekile, ama-fumigators (ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwezinambuzane nezinambuzane ezilimaza ukutshala), izinhlobo zokunisela zensimu, izimo zezulu ezifanele, njll.

Ukukhohlisa kofuzo

Emashumini athile eminyaka edlule i ukukhohlisa kofuzo njengethuluzi eliyisisekelo lokuxhasa ukukhula kwezitshalo nokuthi zingakwazi ukubhekana nezinambuzane nezifo ezivame ukucasha ekutshaleni kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo.

Izinhlobo zokulima

Kunenhlangano elawula konke okuphathelene nokulima. Le nhlangano ibizwa ngokuthi Inhlangano Yomhlaba Wonke Yezesayensi Yezolimo (SICH). Lo mphakathi unqume ukuthi, ngaphakathi kokulima, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokulima zingahlukaniswa:

• Izimbali zezimbali. Kuyingxenye yokulima esebenza ngezimbali nezitshalo ezitshalwe ngenhloso yokuhlobisa. Lokho wukuthi, ukuthengiswa kwayo ezindaweni zokugcina izingane kusetshenziselwa ukuwahlobisa ngaphakathi nangaphakathi ezingadini noma emapaki.
• Ezolimo. Yileyo ndawo ngaphakathi kwe-horticulture ephethe imifino noma ngabe izimpande, izilimo eziyizigaxa, amaqabunga noma izithelo.
• IZITHELO. Yindawo ephethe izithelo.
• Izinhlobo ezinamakha nezelaphayo. Yilezo zindawo ezibhekele ukukhiqizwa nokumakethwa kwezinhlobo ezinamakha njenge-rosemary, i-lavender, utshani kalamula, njll.

Izici zezitshalo ze-horticultural

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo, izitshalo ze-horticultural zinezici ezithile ezibahlukanisa nabanye:

• Ziqukethe amaphesenti aphezulu wamanzi (phakathi kuka-90 no-95%)
• Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, kuhloswe ukuthi isikhathi kusuka ekuhlwanyeleni kuya ekuvuneni sifushane futhi sifushane ukukhulisa ukusetshenziswa. Noma kunjalo, leli phuzu lixhomeke ohlotsheni ngalunye lwemifino uqobo nesikhathi esikhulayo ngaphambi kokuvuna.
• Azidingi izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba (yize zinkulu kakhulu, zingatshalwa kakhulu).

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo ze-horticultural

• Ngokuqina kwesayensi. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kubhekela izingqinamba zokuziphatha, ezihlelekile nezingokomzimba eziqondene nesitshalo ngasinye.
• Ngokuhleleka okusebenzayo. Inhloso lapha ukusebenzisa kakhulu isivuno ngasinye ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Uhlobo lwezinto eziphilayo. Kucabangela indawo noma indawo yokuhlwanyela izitshalo. Isibonelo, uhlobo lwesimo sezulu, inani lemvula, izinguquko zesimo sezulu, njll.

Okunye ukuhlukaniswa okungenzeka kwezitshalo ze-horticultural kusekelwe ekujuleni okunikezwe yi isandiso sezimpande. Lesi sandiso asibheki kuphela uhlobo lwemifino kepha nohlobo lomhlabathi ngoba, imvamisa inhlabathi enobumba kakhulu ivimbela impande ekukhuleni kakhulu.

Ngokwalesi sigaba, imifino ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amakhulu amathathu:

Izimpande ezikha phezulu (phakathi kuka-45 no-60 cm). Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

1. Ugaliki
2. Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi
3. I-broccoli
4. U-anyanini
5. Ukholifulawa
6. I-endive
7. Isipinashi
8. Ulethisi
9. Ukolweni
10. Ubaba
11. Iparsley
12. isitshalo esihlobene no-anyanisi
13. Isithombo

Izimpande ezijulile ngokulingene (90 kuya ku-120 cm). Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

1. Ishadi
2. Vetch
3. Isitshalo seqanda
4. Ikhathalophu
5. Itheniphu
6. Ikhukhamba
7. Upelepele
8. Ubhontshisi
9. I-Beetroot
10. Isaqathe
11. Isikwashi sokuqala

Izimpande ezijulile (ngaphezu kuka-120 cm). Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

1. I-artichoke
2. Ubhatata
3. I-asparagus
4. I-Stingray
5. Ubhontshisi webhotela
6. Ikhabe
7. Utamatisi
8. Isikwashi esedlule

Imifino ephila iminyaka emi-3 noma emi-4

1. I-Alcaucil Asparagus
2. I-Watercress evela emthonjeni waseFrutilla
3. Oregano Thistle
4. Chive

Imifino yonyaka ukuthi melana nesithwathwa

1. I-Radicheta Turnip Chard
2. Ubhontshisi we-Garlic Onion Broad
3. Isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi Marjoram Beetroot
4. Pea Ukholifulawa Leek
5. Iklabishi le-Broccoli Spinach
6. I-Endive Parsley Salsify
7. I-Fennel Radish Carrot
8. Ulethisi

Imifino yonyaka izwela ezindaweni ezibandayo noma ezineqhwa

1. Ubhontshisi beBasil Melon
2. Amazambane Amnandi Okra Watermelon
3. Isitshalo seqanda amazambane Utamatisi
4. Ithanga Ikhukhamba Isipinashi
5. Ukolweni
6. I-Zelandia Pepper Zucchini