Ukuhlunga

-Delile

• Ukuhlunga izibonelo
• Amanye amasu wokwehlukanisa izingxube

I- ukuhlunga inqubo yokwehlukanisa into ethile okuqinile kwe ketshezi lapho ikumisiwe khona, kusuka kuzindlela zemishini ezibizwa ngesihlungo, isihlungi noma isisefo. Lesi yisikhungo esingena ngaphakathi, esivumela ukudlula kwama-molecule amancane kanye nama-molecule e-ductile wamanzi, kepha kugcina izinhlayiya ezinkulu zeso siqina.

Izihlungi ezaziwayo yizindwangu, amapulasitiki noma amanetha ensimbi nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphepha, futhi le ndlela mhlawumbe ingenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kwezimboni futhi nsuku zonke ukwehlukanisa okuqinile kokumiswa noma ukuhlenga izinto ezinamandla entweni ethile engamanzi.

Ngokuya ngosayizi nangemvelo ye- ingxube, singakhuluma ngalokhu:

• Ukuhlunga. Kanjalo, kusekelwe ekuhlukanisweni kwezinhlayiya ezincane (ezivame ukungabonakali) ekumisweni kwe-colloidal.
• Ukulingisa. Ukwehlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezincane eziqinile kodwa ezibonakalayo kusuka kuketshezi, ngesihlungi esibizwa nge-strainer.
• Ukuhlunga. Ukwehlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ezinkulu kusuka kuketshezi noma ngisho nokuphakathi nendawo kusuka kuzinhlayiya ezincane eziqinile, ngokusebenzisa isisefo.

Ukuhlunga izibonelo

1. Ukulungiselela ikhofi. Ikhofi lomhlabathi liphakwa ngqo ngesisefo (esenziwe ngendwangu noma ngephepha) bese kuthelwa amanzi abilayo phezu kwalo, akhiphe ukunambitheka nezakhiwo zekhofi, azi ukuthi "liyayisula" noma izinsalela eziqinile zempuphu yekhofi. izohlala kusihlungi futhi ngeke ingene enkomishini.
2. Ukupheka kwepasta. IPasta kufanele iphekwe emanzini abilayo ukuze ingene emanzini futhi ibuye ibe nokuqina okuthe xaxa nokuthungwa kwayo, kepha idliwe ngaphandle kwayo, ngakho-ke kufanele ihlungwe, ivumele amanzi ukuba aconse kanye ne-pasta ephekiwe ukuthi ihlale kusihluzi.
3. Ukulungiswa Kwejusi. Ekhiqizweni kwamajusi amaningi, isithelo sihlanganiswa sibe yizicucu eziphelele ngamanzi, noma uginindela ucindezelwe ukuthola ujusi. Kunoma ikuphi, kufanele ukuthi kube nenkinga yokuhlukanisa i-fiber eqinile noma izinsalela ze-pulp kusuka kuketshezi uqobo.
4. Ukulungiselela infusions. Ama-teas amaningi kanye ne-infusions kwenziwa ngotshani obusha, obufakwa emicu emanzini abilayo. Lapho nje izinto eziqukethwe yilokho sezikhishiwe, ziyahlungwa ukukhipha imicu eqinile bese ishiya uketshezi olusenkomishini.
5. Izihlungi zomoya. Ezindaweni eziningi ezivaliwe noma kuhlelo lokujova lomoya lwezinjini zezimoto, izihlungi zisetshenziselwa ukugcina ukungcola okuvela emoyeni, njengezinhlayiya zothuli nezinye izinto eziqinile zemizuzu, okwenza umoya ongena ohlelweni uhlanzeke ngangokunokwenzeka. Hlanza ngangokunokwenzeka. Okufanayo kuya kusihlungi sokomisa, esiqoqa imfucumfucu yendwangu kanye neyendwangu emoyeni.
6. Izihlungi zamanzi. Imvamisa emakhaya isisefo samanzi sisetshenziselwa ukususa ukungcola emanzini ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya. Lezi zihlungi ngokuvamile ziqukethe amatshe anezimbobo avumela ukudlula kwamanzi kodwa kugcine izinhlayiya ezincane nezinto ezihambisana nawo.
7. Izihlungi zamafutha. Ezinjini zomlilo, izihlungi zikawoyela zisetshenziselwa ukugcina izinhlayiya zekhabhoni ezikhiqizwa ukusakazwa okushisayo kwalezi zithambisi, ngaleyo ndlela kugcinwe izinhlayiya ezigcinwe kusihlungi nakoyela zihlanzeke ngangokunokwenzeka, kwandise isikhathi sokusebenziseka kwemishini.
8. Tinajeros noma izihlungi zamatshe. Ngokususelwa ekudlulisweni kwamanzi kusuka esitsheni esingenhla kuya kwesingezansi ngetshe elinemisila, kwakuyizinto zokuhlanza amanzi ezazisetshenziswa ngezikhathi zamakoloni ezindlini. Namuhla zigcinwa njengezinto zokuhlobisa.
9. Indle igaya. Izinsimbi ezisemlonyeni wamapayipi okuthuthwa kwendle zisebenza njengesefo ukuvimba imfucumfucu enkulu eqinile nokuvimbela ukuvalwa kwamapayipi okukhipha amanzi ehla ngawo amanzi emvula.
10. Isihlungi sikagwayi. Yenziwe nge-cellulose ene-acetylated, bafeza indima yokuhlunga umoya ngentuthu evela ekushisweni kwamaqabunga kagwayi, ukuvimbela izinsalela eziqinile kusuka emlilweni ungangeni emaphashini kanye nomoya.

1. Amanetha echibi. Asetshenziselwa ukuhlanza amanzi, agcina izinambuzane, amaqabunga kanye nemfucuza ejwayelekile esimweni esiqinile esimisiwe emanzini bese kuvumela ukuthi uketshezi ludlule, ngaleyo ndlela lusebenze njengethuluzi lokuhlanza.
2. Ukuhluza ufulawa. Ufulawa (oqinile) uvame ukudluliswa ngesihlungo noma ngesisefo, hhayi nje ukuyihlanza kunoma iyiphi insalela noma izinambuzane, kepha ukuyikhulisa futhi uvumele ukushibilika okwengeziwe kuma-dessert nokugwema ukwakheka kwezigaxa.
3. Usimende sieving. Emalungiselweni omkhakha wezokwakha, impuphu kasimende ngokuvamile iyahlungwa ngaphambi kokuyixuba, ukugwema ukuthi izinhlayiya zento zifika kakade zinamathele noma ziyimbudumbudu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ziqinisekisa ukuthi ingxube ifana.
4. I-Dialysis. Ezigulini ezinenkinga yezinso, umsebenzi wokuhlunga igazi uyadingeka, osusa ubuthi kanye nodoti ongadingekile kuwo: lokhu kubizwa nge-dialysis futhi kwenziwa ngemishini ekhethekile. Izinso zizoba isihlungi segazi semvelo.
5. Hlunga iphepha. Isetshenziswa emalabhorethri ukwehlukanisa amanzi nezinto ezingaphunguleka kalula njengoshukela, usawoti noma isihlabathi, yiphepha elinemisila eligcina izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu kepha livumela amanzi ukuthi adlule.

Amanye amasu wokwehlukanisa izingxube

• Izibonelo zeCentrifugation
• Izibonelo Zokuphuza Ziphuzo Ziphuzo Zazihluzwa
• Izibonelo zeChromatography
• Izibonelo Zokulahlwa
• Izibonelo Zokwahlukaniswa Magnetic
• Izibonelo zeCrystallization
• Izibonelo Zokulinganisa