-Delile
Umholi (Pb) iyinsimbi ethambile, e-ductile futhi ethambile yetafula lezikhathi elikhona ngokwemvelo.
Kutholakalaphi?
Ingxenye enkulu yale nsimbi imbiwa ngaphansi komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akukho esimweni sayo sokuqala, ngakho-ke kunezinsimbi ezingaphezu kwezingama-60 ezingaba nomthofu, kepha kunezinsimbi ezintathu kuphela ezisetshenziselwa ukukhipha umthofu: i-galena, i-cerussite ne-anglesite. Ekugcineni, kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko komthofu wukwenza amabhethri angavuseleleka.
Amaminerali lapho kukhishwa khona umthofu kakhulu yi-galena, lapho itholakala khona njenge-lead sulfide. Ngakho-ke, le minerali iqukethe i-85% yomthofu bese kuthi konke kube yisibabule. Kukhona imali egalena eJalimane, eMexico, e-United States, eSpain nase-Australia.
Izimbiza zisetshenziselwa ukukhipha umthofu ku-galena, lapho i-ore ibalwa khona bese i-oxide incishiswa kuze kube yilapho ingxenye yesulfide yomthofu iguqulwa yaba yi-lead oxide ne-sulfate.
Uma ukuhola kufakwa esithandweni ngokubalwa kule nqubo, kukhishwa ukungcola okuningi: i-bismuth, i-arsenic, i-cadmium, ithusi, isiliva, igolide ne-zinc. Ngemuva kokuthola isisindo esincibilikisiwe esithandweni esithola igama lesithando somlilo esiphefumulayo esinomoya, isalfure nesitimu, lezi zikwazi ukwengeza insimbi ngaphandle kwegolide, isiliva ne-bismuth. Okunye ukungcola okuntanta njengodoti kuyasuswa kule nqubo.
Yini enye:
- Uthathwa kuphi uwoyela?
- Itholakala kuphi i-aluminium?
- Ikhishwa kuphi insimbi?
- Ikhishwa kuphi ithusi?
- Litholakalaphi igolide?
Ukuhluzwa kokuhola
Iphayini, i-lime, i-xanthate ne-alum oyili kusetshenziswa kakhulu. I-limestone noma i-iron ores isetshenziselwa inqubo yokubhaka. Lokhu kuthuthukisa inqubo yokubhaka.
Kabusha
Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke umholi ovela ezimayini. Kuphela ngama-50% wokutholwa kokuhola okususelwa lapho; enye i-50% ivela ekuvuseleleni kabusha kwezinqola zezimoto (amabhethri).
