Ukudla

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zobudlelwano
• Indima kwinqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo
• Ukuzivumelanisa nezilwane
• Izibonelo zobudlelwano obudliwayo
• Ingakusiza

I- isilwane Lobo budlelwane begazi lapho uhlobo olulodwa ludinga ukuzingela olunye ukuze luphile, ngoba lumele ukuphela kokudla kwalo.

Ukudalwa njalo kudlala indima enkulu kunoma iyiphi inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ngaphandle kokungajwayelekile, abantu abasebudlelwaneni obudlayo (obubizwa ngokuthi umhlaseli nomzingeli) banezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, futhi kwezinye izimo isilwane esisodwa singaba yisilwane kwesinye ngasikhathi sinye, kuyilapho isilwane esisodwa singaba izisulu zezilwane ezithile.

Esikhathini esidlule, ngokungafani nobunye ubudlelwane obuningi bemvelo, kunesisulu esisodwa kuphela nomzuzi oyedwa: umhlaseli udinga isisulu, kuyilapho isisulu singadinga kuphela ukuzivikela engozini elele. Ubudlelwano bokulwa bufaka phakathi izinto ezibukwayo noma ezincomekayo umhlaseli amsondeze eduze kwesisulu, noma ukulandela umkhondo okwenziwa buthule ukugwema ukumosha amandla.

Izinhlobo zobudlelwano

Lokho okubizwa ngokusebenzisana kwebhayoloji noma ubudlelwano kungaba ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene:

• Parasitism: Uma isidalwa sithola ukudla kwaso komunye futhi sikulimaze ngokwenza kanjalo, siyigciwane laso.
• IkhonoIzidalwa ezimbili eziphilayo zingadinga izinsiza ezifanayo ekukhuleni kwazo. Isibonelo, izihlahla ezimbili ezisondelene zingadinga ukusebenzisa izakhi zomhlabathi, umswakama nokukhanya kwelanga. Kulezi zimo, baba izimbangi futhi balimale omunye komunye.
• Ubuzwe: Uma umzimba A uthola inzuzo ethile (insizakalo noma insiza) kusuka kwesinye isidalwa B, ngenkathi umzimba B ungazizuzi futhi ungazilimazi, umzimba A ungumbuso ofanayo.
• UkubambisanaZombili lezi zinhlaka ziyazuza ebudlelwaneni.
• Ukubambisana: Zombili lezi zinhlobo ziyazuza ebudlelwaneni, kepha ukuba khona kwazo akuxhomekile kobo budlelwano, njengoba kwenzeka ezimweni zokubambisana.

Indima kwinqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Ukudliwa bekulokhu kuyisikhungo senqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kuyingxenye ye- imvelo, kanye nokwehliswa kwezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhiqizayo kusiza ekugcineni isimo esilinganiselayo: uma esinye sazo siqala ukukhula ngokungalawuleki, kungenzeka sigcine sesephule ukulingana kwemvelo.

Izidalwa ziphethe ukugcina i-ecosystem ilinganisiwe, futhi banobuhlakani bokulawula inani lamalungu ezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo: bazi kahle kamhlophe ukuthi uma lokhu kungenalo ithuba lokuqhubeka nokukhula ngokwenani labantu, umthombo wawo oyinhloko wokudla uzogcina ngokunyamalala.

Ukuzivumelanisa nezilwane

Kuvamile ukuthi zenzeke ukuguqulwa komzimba ethanda ukusizakala ngalobu budlelwano bokulwa, ngoba ukuthi umhlaseli uvame ukuba nezinzipho, amazinyo abukhali, isivinini, ubugagu, anqume ukuzingela eqenjini nasekuhlaselweni okumangazayo, ngenkathi isisulu sizivikela ngokugijima, ukufihla, nokuzenzisa ukufa kwabo nokulahla izinto ngephunga noma ukunambitheka okungathandeki.

Sifihle

Esinye sezimo eziteleka kakhulu kunqubo yenqubo eyandulelayo yileso se- sifihle, lapho isidalwa sikwazi ukushintsha umbala nokuma kwaso, sifane nezwe, kube nzima kakhulu ukuqashelwa ngumzingeli esimweni sengqondo sokuzivikela, noma ngesisulu uma ushintsho lukhona engxenyeni yesilwane .

Izilwane-ke zithola i- kufana nezinto ezingaphili njengamatshe, iziqu, amaqabunga kanye namagatsha, ngendlela yokuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba bayazise ngaphandle kokuthi ukunyakaza kubenza bateleke kakhulu: lokhu kuziphatha kwaphindaphindwa ngabantu ngemisebenzi yehlathi yokuzingela nempi.

Izibonelo zobudlelwano obudliwayo

• Ingonyama, umhlaseli wezimpala, amadube, izinyathi (bheka isithombe).
• Impisi, umhlaseli we-elk.
• Ama-Rattlesnake, inyamazane yama-badger kanye nabanye oklebe.
• I-mink yaseMelika, isilwane esincane sezinhlanzi nezimbaza.
• Izimpala, inyamazane yengonyama.
• I-weasel, umhlaseli wamagundane.
• Imbila, umhlaseli wezikelemu.
• Ingwe, umhlaseli wezingulube zasendle.
• Ushaka, umhlaseli wezinhlanzi eziningi.
• Izinyamazane zeminyuzi, inyamazane ye-puma.
• Inhlwathi, isilwane esidla inyama yasemanzini esibaluleke kunazo zonke.
• Ixoxo, umhlaseli webhungane.
• I-heron, umhlaseli we-crayfish.
• Izidleke, impango yempisi nempungushe.
• Ingwe, umhlaseli wezinyathi.
• I-alligator, umhlaseli wezinhlanzi ezithile.
• Amagundane, impango kajakalasi.
• I-leming, impango yesikhova se-arctic.
• Ingonyama yase-Afrika, umhlaseli wedube.
• Ingwe, umhlaseli wezinhlanzi ezithile.
• I-jaguar, isilwane sezinyamazane.
• Uphawu, umhlaseli wezinye izinhlanzi.
• Impungushe, umhlaseli wezinyoni.
• I-jaguar, isilwane esidla ama-tapir.
• Izimpukane nezimvemvane, inyamazane yamaxoxo.

Ingakusiza

• Izibonelo ze-Predator ne-Prey
• Izibonelo zezilwane ezidla inyama
• Izibonelo Zokubambisana
• Izibonelo zeParasitism
• Izibonelo Zokubusa Kwesizwe