I-Biochemistry

-Delile

• Amagatsha e-biochemistry
• Izibonelo ze-biochemistry

I- i-biochemistry Igatsha lekhemistri elizinikele ekutadisheni izinto eziphilayo ekwakhekeni kwazo kwamakhemikhali. Kuyisayensi yokuhlola.

Izindikimba zayo eziyinhloko yilezi amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, lipids, ama-nucleic acid kanye nama-molecule ahlukahlukene akha amangqamuzana, kanye nokuphendula kwamakhemikhali abhekana nakho. Ubambe iqhaza kwezokwelapha, ekhemisi nakwigrochemistry, phakathi kweminye imikhakha.

I-Biochemistry icwaninga ukuthi izinto eziphilayo ziwathola kanjani amandla (catabolism) futhi iwasebenzise ukudala ama-molecule amasha (i-anabolism). Phakathi kwezinqubo azifundayo ukugaya ukudla, i-photosynthesis, izithiyo amakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo, ukukhiqiza kabusha, ukukhula, njll.

Amagatsha e-biochemistry

• Isakhiwo samakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo: Ucwaninga ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwama-macromolecule webhayoloji, njengamaprotheni kanye ama-nucleic acid (I-DNA ne-RNA).
• I-chemistry yezinto eziphilayo: Funda izinhlanganisela ezinayo ama-covalent bond i-carbon-carbon noma i-carbon-hydrogen, ebizwa izinhlanganisela eziphilayo. Lezi zinhlanganisela zitholakala kuphela ezintweni eziphilayo.
• I-Enzymology: Ama-enzyme anjalo izakhi zezinto eziphilayo evumela umzimba ukuthi ufeze ukusabela kwamakhemikhali njengokuwohloka kwamaprotheni. Le sayensi ifunda ngokuziphatha kwabo kanye nokusebenzisana kwabo nama-coenzymes nezinye izinto ezifana nezinsimbi namavithamini.
• I-Metabolic biochemistry: Funda izinqubo ze-metabolic (ukuthola nokusebenzisa amandla) ezingeni lamaselula.
• Xenobiochemistry: Okuhlotshaniswa nekhemisi, icwaninga indlela umzimba osebenza ngayo emzimbeni engatholakali ekuguqulweni komzimba.
• Ukuzivikela komzimba: Funda ukusabela kwezinto eziphilayo kumagciwane.
• I-Endocrinology: Funda ngokuziphatha kwe- amahomoni ezintweni eziphilayo. AmaHormone yizinto ezingakhishwa ngumzimba noma zitholwe ngaphandle, ezithinta ukusebenza kwamaseli nezinhlelo ezahlukahlukene.
• I-Neurochemistry: Funda ngokuziphatha kwamakhemikhali kohlelo lwezinzwa.
• I-Chemotaxonomy: Tadisha bese uhlukanisa izinto eziphilayo ngokwehluka kwazo ekwakhekeni kwazo kwamakhemikhali.
• Imvelo yamakhemikhali: Funda izinto zamakhemikhali ezisetshenziswa yizinto eziphilayo ukuze zisebenzisane.
• I-Virology: Ucwaninga ama-virus, ukuhlukaniswa kwawo, ukusebenza, ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ihambisana nekhemisi.
• Izakhi zofuzo: Funda izakhi zofuzo, ukukhuluma kwazo, ukudluliswa kwazo kanye nokuzala kwamangqamuzana.
• Ibhayoloji Yamamolekhula: Tadisha izinqubo zamakhemikhali ngokukhethekile ngombono wamangqamuzana.
• Iseli biology (cytology): Funda i-chemistry, morphology kanye ne-physiology yezinhlobo ezimbili zamaseli: ama-prokaryotes nama-eukaryotes.

Izibonelo ze-biochemistry

1. Ukuthuthukiswa komanyolo: umanyolo yizinto ezithanda ukukhula kwamasimu. Ukuzithuthukisa kubalulekile ukwazi izidingo zamakhemikhali ezitshalo.
2. Ama-enzymatic detergents: lawa angabahlanzisi abangasusa izinsalela zezinto ezibonakalayo, ngaphandle kokwenza isenzo esonakalisayo ezindaweni ezingaphili.
3. Imithi: ukwenziwa kwemithi kuncike olwazini lwezinqubo zamakhemikhali zomzimba womuntu kanye namagciwane noma amagciwane awuthintayo.
4. Izimonyo: Amakhemikhali asetshenziswa kwizimonyo kufanele athande i-chemistry yomzimba.
5. Ukudla kwesilwane okulinganiselayo: ukudla kuthuthukiswa kusuka olwazini lwezidingo zokudla okunomsoco nezomsoco wezilwane.
6. Ukudla okunomsoco: noma yini inhloso yokudla kwethu (ukuzuza noma ukunciphisa isisindo, ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi, ukuqeda i-cholesterol, njll.) Ukwakheka kwayo kufanele kubheke izidingo zamakhemikhali zomzimba wethu ukuze zisebenze.
7. Izindonga zesisu zilungiselelwe ukumelana ne-asidi yokugaya ukudla engadala ukulimala okukhulu uma ihlangana nezingxenye zomzimba wethu ngaphandle kohlelo lokugaya ukudla.
8. Lapho sinomkhuhlane, umzimba wethu uzama ukufinyelela ezingeni lokushisa lapho amagciwane amancane asilimazayo engakwazi ukusinda khona.
9. Lapho umzimba wethu ungakwazi ukuzivikela kuma-microorganisms, i- ama-antibiotic zingukuphendula kwamakhemikhali okuvimba ukukhiqizwa kwazo futhi kuziqede.
10. Izithako zokudla zisivumela ukuthi sigqoke izinto eziphilayo noma ezingajwayelekile ezidingwa yimizimba yethu ukuze zisebenze kahle.