Ama-enzyme (nomsebenzi wawo)

-Delile

• Izimo zomsebenzi we-enzyme
• Ukuhlukaniswa
• Ama-enzyme ezinkambisweni zezimboni
• Izibonelo zama-enzyme nemisebenzi yazo
• Imininingwane engaphezulu?

I-ama-enzyme amaprotheni asebenza njenge iziphikisi, leyo kusheshise ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ngaphandle kokuqedwa noma ukuba yingxenye yemikhiqizo yalokho ukusabela. Konke ukusabela okwenzeka emzimbeni kulamulelwa ngama-enzyme, ngakho-ke kuyacaca ukuthi ama-enzyme anemisebenzi ehlukahlukene ezintweni eziphilayo.

Phakathi kwemisebenzi yama-enzyme yilokhokhuthaza ukugaywa nokumuncwa kwezakhamzimba, ekudleni okudliwayo: ama-enzyme wokugaya ukudla adiliza amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate futhi amafutha ezintweni ezitholakalayo.

Ngalo mqondo kuthiwa ama-enzyme awusizo kakhulu ezimweni zokuqunjelwa esiswini, igesi nokugayeka kokudla okunzima kakhulu. Baphinde bakhiqize i- ukuvimbela izinqubo zokuvuvukala futhi uthande i- hit alulame, kanye nokusiza ukuqeda ubuthi nokuvumelanisa amasosha omzimba.

Izimo zomsebenzi we-enzyme

Umsebenzi we-enzyme, noma kunjalo, wenziwa ngokusebenza okuhlukile ngokuya ngezimo ezithile ezingaba khona emzimbeni. Isibonelo, a ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-substrate noma eyodwa ukugxila kwe-enzyme ephakeme izinga lapho ukusabela kwe-enzymatic kwenzeka khona kuyanda, yize kuye kumkhawulo othile.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwanda kwe-10 ° C kuyaphindaphinda isivinini sokuphendula, kepha lapho kufinyelelwa umkhawulo othile, ukushisa kuba nenkinga nomsebenzi we-enzymatic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i- i-pH enkulu Umsebenzi we-enzymatic ungu-7 (ngaphandle kwama-enzyme wokugaya, atholakala kumongo i-asidi isisu).

Ukuhlukaniswa

Ukuhlukaniswa okwenziwe ngama-enzyme kuyahluka phakathi kwalezo ezihlola ubunzima bazo, lezo ezihlaziya zazo cofactors noma labo ababandakanyeka emsebenzini we-enzymatic:

I- ama-hydrolase yilezo ezikhuthaza ukusabela kwe-hydrolysis, ngenkathi i- amosase yilezo lezo khuthaza ukusabela lapho isomer eyodwa iguqulwa ibe enye. I- Izilimi kuvuselela ukubopha kwama-molecule, ngenkathi ama-liasas benza ekuphenduleni kokungezwa noma kokuqedwa kwezibopho. I- imikhakha ye-oxidored khuthaza ukusabela kokunciphisa i-oxidation (kusiza ukudluliswa kwe-electron) kanye ama-tansferase zivuselela ukudluliswa kweqembu lisuka entweni ethile liye kwesinye.

Ama-enzyme ezinkambisweni zezimboni

Kuningi izinqubo zezimboni eziboshelwe ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwama-enzyme. I- ukuvutshelwa kotshwala neminye imikhiqizo eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa, ngenkathi ukusabela okuningi okungenelela emazweni afana nokwakhiwa kuncike kuwo.

Ama-enzyme kwesinye isikhathi asetshenziselwa izinhloso zokwelashwa, okuhloswe ukwelapha izindawo zokuvuvukala kwasendaweni.

Nazi izibonelo zezinhlobo zama-enzyme ezineminye yemisebenzi yazo, eyebhayoloji noma eyezimboni.

Izibonelo zama-enzyme nemisebenzi yazo

1. I-Trypsin: Iphula izibopho ze-peptide ezincikene ne-arginine noma i-lysine.
2. I-Lactase: Isetshenziswa embonini yobisi, iyavimba crystallization yobisi oluminyene.
3. Isikhunta: Ikhiqiza futhi ifihle i-hydrochloric acid, ngenkathi ivuselela ukuhamba kwesisu.
4. I-Dipeptidase: Umkhiqizi wama-amino acid amabili.
5. I-Chymosin: Ihlanganisa amaprotheni obisi embonini yoshizi.
6. I-Lipase: Inikezela ngama-acid okunamafutha, inqobo nje uma isebenza endaweni ene-alkaline, ngesenzo sangaphambilini sikasawoti we-bile.
7. Secretin: Ifihla amanzi ne-bicarbonate ye-sodium, ngaphezu kokuvimbela ukuhamba kwesisu.
8. I-glucose isomerases: Ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-high fructose syrups ekukhiqizeni ukudla okunoshukela.
9. Papain: E-brewery, isetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa unamathisela wemithombo.
10. I-peptide yamathumbu we-bowel vasoactive: Kukhulisa ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kukhiphe uketshezi lwamanzi lwe-pancreatic.
11. I-Sucaraa: Ikhiqiza i-fructose ne-glucose.

1. UFiscina: Kubalulekile ekuthambiseni inyama.
2. I-Carboxypeptidase: Ihlukanisa ama-carboxyamino acid wokugcina.
3. I-Bromelain: Iyabandakanyeka ekukhiqizeni ama-hydrolysate.
4. Deoxyribonuclease: Ikhiqiza ama-nucleotide, ane-substrate ye-DNA.
5. Encephalin: Ivimbela uketshezi lwama-enzyme e-pancreatic kanye ne-motility yemvelo.
6. Somatostatin: Ivimbela uketshezi lwe-hydrochloric acid.
7. I-Amylase: Inikeza i-glucose esiswini nakumanyikwe, uma isebenza endaweni ene-asidi.
8. I-Lipoxidase: Embonini yezinkwa, ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yayo futhi ikhiqize imvuthu emhlophe qwa.
9. I-Pepsin: Ikhiqiza ama-peptides nama-amino acid esiswini, indawo ene-asidi kakhulu.
10. I-Ribonuclease: Ikhiqiza ama-nucleotide, ane-substrate ye-RNA.
11. I-glucagon ephelele: Ivimbela ukuhamba nokusikhipha.
12. Amaphenektha Embonini yeziphuzo, ithuthukisa ukucaciswa nokukhishwa kwamajusi.
13. UTannasa: Iguqula i-glucose ibe yi-fructose, ngaphezu kokuvimbela ukunambitheka okwe-browning kanye no-off kwezinye iziphuzo.
14. I-Ptyalin: Inikeza ama-monosaccharides nama-disaccharides, uma isebenza endaweni ene-alkaline ngokulinganisela.

Imininingwane engaphezulu?

• Izibonelo zama-Enzyme wokugaya ukudla
• Izibonelo zeCoenzymes