20 Predator and Prey Examples - Encyclopedia

Ividiyo: Decisive confrontations part 3 between the hunter (wolf, hippo, elephant, bear, lion, buffalo)

-Delile

Izibonelo ze-predation
Ingakusiza

I- izidalwa eziphilayo zihlobene ngezindlela ezingafani. Ukwakheka kwanoma iyiphi i-ecosystem kuncike ebudlelwaneni obakhiwa yizinto eziphilayo.

Lobu budlelwano, obubizwa ngokuhlangana kwebhayoloji, bungaba ngezinhlobo ezahlukene:

Parasitism: Uma isidalwa sithola ukudla kwaso komunye futhi sikulimaze ngokwenza kanjalo, siyigciwane laso.
IkhonoIzidalwa ezimbili eziphilayo zingadinga izinsiza ezifanayo ekukhuleni kwazo. Isibonelo, izihlahla ezimbili ezisondelene zingadinga ukusebenzisa izakhi zomhlabathi, umswakama nokukhanya kwelanga. Kulezi zimo, baba izimbangi futhi balimale omunye komunye.
Ubuzwe: Uma umzimba A uthola inzuzo ethile (insizakalo noma insiza) kusuka kwesinye isidalwa B, ngenkathi umzimba B ungazizuzi futhi ungazilimazi, umzimba A ungumbuso ofanayo.
UkubambisanaZombili lezi zinhlaka ziyazuza ebudlelwaneni.
Ukubambisana: Zombili lezi zinhlobo ziyazuza ebudlelwaneni, kepha ukuba khona kwazo akuxhomekile kobo budlelwano, njengoba kwenzeka ezimweni zokubambisana.

Izilwane ezidla inyama nezisulu

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo zobudlelwano, kukhona ukuxhumana kwezinto eziphilayo, lokho kwenzeka lapho uhlobo olulodwa ludla olunye uhlobo. Isilwane esondlayo sibizwa ngokuthi isilwane esidlayo, kuyilapho isilwane esizingelwayo sibizwa ngokuthi isisulu.

Lapho sibona lobu budlelwane, singacabanga ukuthi kuphela umhlaseli ozuzayo. Kodwa-ke, ukudla okudliwayo kubalulekile ekusindeni kwezinhlobo ezisebenza njengezisulu nasekuqiniseni, ngoba izilwane ezidla ezinye ziqeda abantu ababuthakathaka eqenjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokulawula inani labantu eqenjini elandulelayo, kuvimbela ukugcwala kwabantu.

Ngenkathi imvelo nendawo ama-biomes Zijwayele ukugcina ibhalansi ibonga ngakho konke lokhu kuhlangana kokuphilayo, kufaka phakathi ukudliwa, uma kwenzeka kubantu, ukuzidla kwabo kufinyelele eqophelweni lokuqeda ngisho nezinhlobo (ukuqothulwa).

Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo ze-Symbiosis

Izibonelo ze-predation

I- Ibhele elihlala kwiqhwa ingenye yezilwane ezincelisayo abadla inyama enkulu kakhulu yasemhlabeni ekhona. Ihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo enyakatho Nenkabazwe. Kuyisilwane esidla ezinye ikakhulukazi sabancane izimpawu futhi i-reindeer Ayithathi nje kuphela izakhamzimba esiswini sayo, kepha futhi noketshezi oludingekayo ukuze isinde. Ibhere elisendaweni emhlophe alikwazi ukuphuza amanzi ngoba elisendaweni yalo linosawoti futhi line-asidi.
I- idlozi (obizwa nangokuthi ifulege bear) yisilwane esincelisayo esondlayo umuhlwa futhi ngezinga elincane izintuthwane. Ngenxa yalokhu inezinzipho ezinamandla eziyivumela ukuthi yephule izindunduma zomuhlwa. Inolimi olude oluyivumela ukuthi ingene endundumeni yomuhlwa.
I- amahlengethwa yizilwane ezidla izinhlanzi ezifana ne-herring, sardine ne-cod. Zizingela ngamaqembu, ngendlela yokuthi zizungeze isikole sezilwane zazo. Emhlathini wabo banamazinyo abukhali alungele ukuhlafuna nokudwengula inyamazane, okuvumela ihlengethwa ukuthi liyigwinye ngokuluma kanye.
I- amaphengwini Ziyizisulu zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi emanzini. I- ingwe uphawu ngesinye sezilwane ezidla ezinye, esingazibamba ngenxa yejubane lazo emanzini. Amaphengwini aba yisisulu sawo ikakhulu ebusika, lapho eminye imithombo yokudla iba yindlala hhayi yezimvu zamanzi kuphela kepha nemikhomo noshaka. Ama-killer whales abelana ngemvelo namaphengwini ngesikhathi sokufuduka, lapho eza ngasogwini lapho amaphengwini evame ukuhlala khona.

I- Ibhubesi yisilwane esincelisayo esidla inyama esihlala ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zase-Afrika naseNdiya. Isilwane esidla ezinye ikakhulukazi izilwane ezinkulu: inkonkoni, impala, amadube, izinyathi, ama-nilgo, izingulube zasendle nezinyamazane. Zizingela ngamaqembu, ikakhulukazi abesifazane.
I- izimpungushe bayizilwane ezahlukahlukene amagundane njengonogwaja nezingwejeje, nezinyoni ezincane. Amapayipi engxenyeni engezansi yemilenze ayabavumela ukuthi bahambe kunoma iyiphi indawo, okwenza kube lula ukuphishekela inyamazane. Banokuzwa okwehlukile nokukwazi ukubona ebumnyameni, okubavumela ukuthi bathole inyamazane yabo.
I- Royal Owl Yinyoni edla inyama ehlala eYurophu, e-Asia nase-Afrika. Izinyoni ezidla inyama yilezo ezinomlomo oqinile futhi ogobile nezinzipho ezibukhali emilenzeni yazo ukuzingela isisulu sazo. Ngamanye amagama, ama-raptors aguqulwa ngokukhethekile ukuba abe yizilwane ezizingelayo. Isikhova ukhozi sidla onogwaja, izinyoni, izingwejeje, amagundane, amajuba, izinyoni ezimnyama kanye nama-hedgehogs. Ingazingela ngisho nezinkukhu ezincane ezinesisindo esifinyelela kumakhilogremu ayishumi.

I- izicabucabu bayizilwane ezithile ngoba balungiselela isicupho sezilwane zabo: inetha elibambayo izinambuzane, njengezimpukane nomiyane. Lapho isisulu sibhajwe, izicabucabu zibajova ngesihlungu esikhubazayo. Lapho isisulu sesikhubazekile, kujoyiswa amajusi okugaya, okusho ukuthi ukugaya kwangaphandle kuyenzeka.
I- inyoka yamakhorali isilwane esidla ezinye ezihuquzelayo, amaxoxo nezinyoka, ngisho nezinyoka zohlobo lwazo. Ukhubaza izisulu zakhe, ujove i-neurotoxic agent, okwenza kube nzima ebuchosheni ukuxhumana nezicubu, futhi kuphazamise nokusebenza kwenhliziyo nokuphefumula.
I- Ingwe Kuyisilwane sase-Asia, umhlaseli wezilwane ezinhlobonhlobo, kusuka ezilwaneni ezincelisayo ezinjengezinkawu nezidlwane, izinyoni ezinjengezipikoko nezinhlanzi. Kodwa-ke, ibuye izingele izinyamazane, izingulube zasendle nezinyamazane. Iyakwazi nokuzingela ezinye izidalwa ezifana nezimpisi, izimpisi, nezingwenya.
I- Ushaka omhlophe Kuyisilwane esidla izilwane ezinkulu zasolwandle, njenge amabhubesi olwandle. Indlela yakhe yokuzingela iwukuqamekela. Ushaka ungazifihla phansi kolwandle uma ubonakala phezulu, ngenxa yombala womhlane wawo. Ngakho-ke, uma isisulu sikhethiwe ukuthi sibhukuda eduze kobuso, ushaka utholakala ngaphansi kwaso futhi ungakugwedla ungatholakalanga.

I- amaxoxo ziyizisulu zezinye izinhlobo, njenge izinyoka. Kodwa-ke, nazo ziyizilwane ezingenamgogodla njengezimpukane nomiyane (iDiptera), amaphela namabhungane (Coleoptera), iminyovu, izintuthwane nezinyosi (Hinmenoptera), ngisho nezimvemvane.
I- i-jellyfish Ziyizilwane zasolwandle ezidlayo, ezidla izilwane ezahlukahlukene, ngoba ziyakwazi ukondla ngakho konke ezinakho endaweni yazo, ngisho nezilwane ezinosayizi ofanayo. Zidla kakhulu izinhlanzi nama-crustaceans. Indlela yakhona yokuzingela ukubamba inyamazane enamatende ayo, embozwe ngento enamathelayo, ayilethe emlonyeni wayo.
I- ama-otters bayizidlakela ezinkulu ngoba bangadla phakathi kwesisindo somzimba esingu-15 kanye no-25% ngosuku. Isisulu saso esiyinhloko yi inhlanzi, kodwa futhi badla izinyoni, amaxoxo nezinkalankala.
I- ama-panther Bangabazingeli abanamakhono ngenxa yamandla abo okusheshisa okukhulu lapho begijima, okubavumela ukuba benze ukuhlaselwa okungalindelekile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezilwane. Izisulu zabo yizinsephe, ama-nyala, ama-kudus, ama-impala, amadube nezinkonkoni, phakathi kokunye. Kodwa-ke, zigwema izilwane ezinkulu.
I- onondweba yizilwane ezihuquzelayo ezidlayo zezikelemu, izintethe, izinkumbi, izimpukane nezinye izinambuzane. Bayakwazi ukubazingela ngenxa yobukhulu babo obubonakalayo, obubavumela ukuthi babone ngisho nokunyakaza okuncane kakhulu.

I- Ukhozi Olusegolide sifana nesikhova inyoni edla inyama. Iyashesha ukushesha futhi ingandiza ngejubane elifinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-300 ngehora. Ngaphezu kwalawa makhono, inombono oqondile, oyivumela ukuthi ithole inyamazane yayo phezulu. Izisulu zabo yilezi: onogwaja, amagundane, amahares, izinyoka, izimpungushe, izingane izimbuzi, inhlanzi nezinye izilwane ezincane.
I- i-vaquita marina I-cetacean, okungukuthi, isilwane esincelisayo esivumelaniswe nokuphila emanzini, njengamahlengethwa. Isilwane esidla ezinye izilwane zasolwandle ezinjengezinhlanzi (trout, croaker, anchovies, sardines), squid, crustaceans nezinye.
I- intshe yinyoni engandizi. Ngenkathi ikwazi ukondla izitshalo, ibuye idle izilwane (omnivore). Kuyisilwane esidla ezinye izinambuzane.
I- izinkanyezi zasolwandle iningi labo lidla inyama. Ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye zezinhlanzi ezinjengezimbaza, izimbaza, izimbaza neminenke, kanye nezinhlanzi nezimpethu. Ukuze zondle izilwane ezivikelwe amagobolondo, njengama-clams, kufanele zenze amandla njalo ngezinyawo zazo zeshubhu.