Amazinga Wokuphepha Nenhlanzeko

-Delile

• Izibonelo zezindinganiso zokuphepha nezenhlanzeko

I- amazinga okuphepha nokuhlanzeka Yizinsimbi ezijwayelekile zokuvimbela ezempilo eziyisisekelo nezesekondari emisebenzini ehlukahlukene.

Emsebenzini, inhloso enkulu yemithetho yezempilo nokuphepha ukwenza gwema izingozi zomsebenzi kanye nanoma iyiphi ingozi empilweni yomsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, emisebenzini efana ne-gastronomy noma amahhotela, le mithetho ivikela nomthengi.

Amazinga okuphepha nokuhlanzeka anakho ngaphezu kwakho konke a umsebenzi wokuvimbela.

I-International Labour Organisation (ILO) yasungula izingqungquthela ezahlukahlukene ezilawula ukuphepha nokuhlanzeka ezingeni lomhlaba:

• Umhlangano 155 kwezempilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi.
• R164Isincomo sokuphepha kanye nempilo yabasebenzi esihlinzeka ngezinyathelo zezombusazwe ezizosetshenziswa nguhulumeni kazwelonke ngamunye.
• Umhlangano 161 ezinsizakalweni zezempilo emsebenzini: kukhombisa isidingo sezinyathelo zepolitiki zokwakha izinsizakalo zezempilo emsebenzini.

Izinhloso zokuhlanzeka embonini zifaka:

• Khomba lawo ma-ejenti (izinto, izinto kanye nanoma iyiphi into yemvelo) emele ubungozi bezempilo kubasebenzi.
• Susa labo bantu lapho kungenzeka.
• Ezimweni lapho kungenzeki khona, nciphisa imiphumela emibi yala ma-ejenti.
• Ngale ndlela, nciphisa ukungayi emsebenzini futhi wandise umkhiqizo.
• Qeqesha abasebenzi ukuze baqaphele izingozi ezikhona empilweni yabo emsebenzini futhi basebenzisane nokunciphisa imiphumela emibi.

I- izinyathelo Lokho kungafakwa endaweni yokusebenza ukuvikela ukugula kungaba lula njengokusebenzisa kahle i-air conditioning, noma ukusebenzisa izihlalo ezenzelwe i-ergonomically eziqeda ukuma okulimazayo.

Imisebenzi eyenziwa ngaphandle inemithetho ekhethekile ebhekisa ekuvikelweni kwemisebe ye-ultraviolet, amakhaza, imvula nokushisa.

I- ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ayingozi (amalabhoratri, izitolo zokupenda, izitolo zehadiwe) zisho imithetho ethile yemisebenzi ekhethekile.

Izibonelo zezindinganiso zokuphepha nezenhlanzeko

1. I-gastronomy: Abapheki nabasizi basekhishini akufanele bagqoke amasongo wokubuka, izindandatho, noma enye into encane engawela ekudleni. Ngokunjalo, kufanele basebenzise umfaniswano ukuze basebenzise kuphela ekhishini (imvamisa yomibili) ukuze bangangcoliswa abasebenza ngaphandle. Izinwele kumele zimbozwe ngesigqoko noma enye impahla yokuvikela.
2. Kwakhe "Imithetho ejwayelekile yamaphoyisa Yemibukiso Yomphakathi kanye Nemisebenzi Yezokungcebeleka”Lokho okuvela kwiRoyal Decree 2816/1982, yase-Argentina, omunye wemithetho yokuphepha unquma ukuthi izindawo zokudlela, amathilomu, izindawo zokuphuza utshwala, izindawo zokubukela amabhayisikobho, izinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, ama-disco, amakhasino, amakamelo ephathi, amahholo enkomfa noma ombukiso nezinye izakhiwo ezifanayo kufanele zenze uhlelo oluphuthumayo . Umthethonqubo ofanayo ukhombisa inani elikhulu labahlanganyeli ngemitha eyisikwele:
   • Izethameli ezimile: 4 ngemitha ngayinye eyisikwele
   • Abathengi emigoqweni nasezindaweni zokudlela ezinhle: i-1 ngemitha ngayinye eyisikwele yendawo yomphakathi.
   • Ama-diners ezindaweni zokudlela: umuntu ongu-1 kumamitha-skwele ayi-1.5 endawo yomphakathi.
3. EColombia, wonke umqashi wabasebenzi abasebenza ngokugcwele abayishumi noma ngaphezulu kumele ethule imiyalo yenhlanzeko nokuphepha ngokubhala.
4. Umthetho 9 ka-1979, eColombiaUmthetho wezempilo emsebenzini, odinga ukulondolozwa, ukongiwa kanye nokwenza ngcono impilo yabantu emsebenzini wabo.
5. Isixazululo 02413 sika 1979. I-Colombia. Kukhombisa amalungelo nezibopho zabasebenzi nabaqashi emkhakheni wezokwakha. Phakathi kwamazinga ayo kukhona:
   • Indawo egandayiwe ngomsebenzi ngamunye ngeke ibe ngaphansi kwamamitha-skwele amabili, ngaphandle kokubheka indawo ehlala imishini nezinye izinsiza.
   • Eduze kwezindawo lapho kwenziwa khona imisebenzi yomlilo (izithando zomlilo, iziko, njll.), Ifulethi lezinsiza kumele lenziwe ngezinto ezingashisi ngaphakathi kwebanga lemitha elilodwa.
   • Zonke izikhungo zomsebenzi lapho kukhona khona indle yomphakathi kumele zibe negumbi lokuwasha eli-1, umchamo owodwa kanye neshawa eyodwa kubasebenzi abayishumi nanhlanu, abahlukaniswe ngocansi.
6. Isixazululo 08321 sika 1983. I-Colombia. Isungula imithethonqubo yokuvikela ukuzwa kwabantu, impilo nenhlalakahle. Kusungula uchungechunge lwezincazelo:
   • Ukungcoliswa komsindo: "noma yikuphi ukuphuma komsindo okuthinta kabi impilo noma ukuphepha kwabantu, impahla noma ukujabulela okufanayo."
   • Umsindo oqhubekayo: "lowo izinga lalo lengcindezi lomsindo lihlala lingaguquguquki noma licishe lihlale likhona, ngokushintshashintsha komzuzwana owodwa, okungalethi ushintsho oluzumayo ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwalo."
   • Umsindo wokujaha: obizwa nangokuthi umsindo wokuthelela. "Lowo ukwehluka kwakhe kumazinga wengcindezi yomsindo kufaka amanani aphezulu ngezikhathi ezithile ezingaphezu kweyodwa ngomzuzwana."

Lesi sinqumo sakha amazinga emisindo avunyelwe kakhulu ngohlelo (emini noma ebusuku) nendawo (yokuhlala, ezentengiselwano, eyezimboni noma ethule).

1. Isixazululo 132 sika 1984. IColombia. Ubeka imithetho yokwethulwa kwemibiko ezimweni zezingozi emsebenzini.
2. I-Sanitary Standard yokusebenza kwezindawo zokudlela nezinsizakalo ezihlobene. EPeru. Inquma izidingo zokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yenhlanzeko nokuphepha (okungeyona ingozi) yokudla neziphuzo ezidliwayo ngabantu kuzo zonke izigaba ngaphambi kokudliwa kwazo ezindaweni zokudlela. Iphinde futhi isungule imibandela okumele ukuhlangabezana nezinsizakusebenza kanye nokwenziwa kwalezi zikhungo. Phakathi kwalezi zindinganiso kukhona:
   • "Izicabha kumele zibe bushelelezi futhi zingadonseli amanzi, ngaphezu kokuvalwa okuzenzakalelayo ezindaweni lapho kulungiswa khona ukudla."
   • "Isikhungo kumele sibe namanzi aphuzwayo avela kwinethiwekhi yomphakathi, sihlale siphakelwa futhi sanele ngokwanele ukubhekelela imisebenzi yesikhungo."
   • "Amasinki kumele ahlinzekwe ngabanikeza insipho ewuketshezi noma izindlela ezifanayo nezenhlanzeko zokomisa izandla njengamathawula alahlwayo noma ama-dryer omoya ashisayo."
3. EzibhedlelaUkugwema izingozi ezihambisana nama-chemical agents, kulandelwa le mithetho elandelayo:
   • Gcina irekhodi elisesikhathini lamakhemikhali agcinwe amakhemikhali.
   • Ukuhlelwa kwendawo yokugcina impahla yamakhemikhali kubhekwa ubungozi bemikhiqizo nokungahambelani kwayo.
   • Ukuqoqwa kwezinto zamakhemikhali (izidakamizwa, izibulala-magciwane, njll) ngezimpawu zazo ezifanayo.
   • Ukuhlukaniswa okukhethekile kwamakhemikhali ayingozi ngokweqile: anobuthi kakhulu, i-carcinogenic, iziqhumane, njll.
   • Bheka ukuthi zonke izinto zihlanganiswe kahle futhi zifakwe ilebula, ukugwema ukudideka nokuchitheka okungaqondanga.
4. Imithetho yokuphepha ezimayini. upelepele. Icacisa imithethonqubo yokuphepha yokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yezimayini endaweni kazwelonke. Zibandakanya zombili izinkampani nabasebenzi. Phakathi kwalawo mazinga kukhona:
   • Isigaba 30. "Yonke imishini, imishini, okokusebenza, izinsiza kanye nokuhlinzekwayo kufanele kube nokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe nokusebenza kwabo ngeSpanishi"
   • Phakathi kwezibophezelo zabasebenzi: "Akuvunyelwe neze ukuvela emagcekeni esiza esinezimayini udakwe utshwala noma izidakamizwa."
   • Abasebenzi abaqokelwe ukushayela izimoto nemishini kumele bahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile:
     1. Ukufunda Nokubhala.
     2. Phasa ukuhlolwa kwe-psycho-sensory-technical.
     3. Phasa ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo nokwethiyori kokushayela nokusebenza.
     4. Phasa isivivinyo kwimithetho yomgwaqo.

• Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo Zamazinga Ekhwalithi