-Delile
- Ukukhiqizwa kweseli
- Amaseli we-Prokaryotic ne-Eukaryotic
- Izibonelo zezinto eziphilayo ezinamaseli amaningi
I- izidalwa eziphilayo (izinto eziphilayo), kuya ngenani lamaseli aziqambayo, kungacatshangelwa unicellular (uma aqukethe iseli elilodwa) noma multicellular (noma multicellular, akhiwe ngamaseli amabili noma ngaphezulu).
I- amaseli athathwa njengamayunithi aphansi empilo. Yizinyunithi zombili ngesici se-morphological and functional. Yizingxenye ze-morphological ngoba zizungezwe imvilophu, ebizwa ngokuthi iseli noma ulwelwesi lwe-cytoplasmic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaseli zingamayunithi asebenzayo ngoba akha uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezinto eziphilayo. Njengalokhu, banamandla okuphakela nokugcina isisu sabo, ukuze bakhule baphindaphindeke besuka kuzakhi zofuzo eziku-nucleus, ukwehlukanisa (ukuthuthukisa izici ezithile ezihlukile kulezo zamanye amaseli), nokuguquka.
Zonke izici zamaseli zabiwe ngama-unicellular and multicellular organisms (abizwa nangokuthi multicellular).
Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo ze-Cellular Organelles (nomsebenzi wawo)
Ukukhiqizwa kweseli
I- izinto eziningi eziphilayo zivela ekuqaleni zisuka esitokisini esisodwa. Ngisho nabantu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ekuqaleni bayiseli. Noma kunjalo, lelo seli liqala ukuphindaphindeka. Amaseli angazala kabusha ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezimbili:
- Mitosis: Kwenzeka kumaseli we-somatic. Iseli lihlukana kanye kuphela (amaseli amabili aphuma esitokisini). Udadewethu ama-chromatids ahlukene futhi akukho crossover eyenzekayo, ngakho-ke amangqamuzana amabili amadodakazi anolwazi olufanayo lofuzo. Kuyisigaba esifushane sokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli okuhlose ukukhula nokuvuselela amaseli nezicubu.
- I-Meiosis: Ikhiqizwa kuphela kumaseli ezinhlayiya zama-gametes (amaseli ocansi). Iseli lihlukana kabili. Esigabeni sokuqala, ama-chromosomes angama-homologous ahlukaniswa kwesesibili, ama-chromatids ahlukanisiwe bese kuba khona i-crossover phakathi kwama-chromosomes we-homologous. Yingakho amangqamuzana amane amadodakazi ehlukene ngokwezakhi zofuzo. Inhloso yalo ukuqhubeka kohlobo futhi ukuhlukahluka kofuzo.
Ukusuka kokungenhla kungaphethwa ngokuthi izinto eziningi eziphilayo Bathola wonke amaseli abo (ngaphandle kwalawo wezocansi) kusuka kuseli elilodwa lokuqala ngenxa yemitosis.
Kuzinto eziphilayo ezinamaseli amaningi, akuwona wonke amaseli afanayo, kepha kunalokho ahlukanisa ukufeza imisebenzi ehlukile: isibonelo, kunamaseli ezinzwa, amaseli e-epithelial, amaseli emisipha, njll. I- amaseli akhethekile zihlelwe zaba ngamasethi abizwa ngokuthi izindwangu, nawo akha izitho.
Amaseli we-Prokaryotic ne-Eukaryotic
Ngaphezu kokwehlukanisa, kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zamaseli ezihlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili zezinto eziphilayo:
Amaseli we-Prokaryotic: Usayizi wazo ungaphansi kwama-microns amabili, futhi yize enolwelwesi lweseli, awanawo ulwelwesi lwenuzi (lona oluhlukanisa i-nucleus ne-cytoplasm). I-DNA ikhona njengemolekyuli eyodwa eyindilinga, inembalwa amaprotheni ehlotshaniswa nezinyunyana ezibuthakathaka. I-DNA yakha i-chromosome eyodwa. Ama-organelles wayo kuphela we-cytoplasmic angama-ribosomes amancane. Ayinawo amathambo angaphakathi. Amaseli e-Prokaryotic akha ama-PROCARIONTE ORGANISMS (amagciwane kanye ne-cyanobacteria). Imvamisa ziyizidalwa ezi-UNICELLULAR, ngaphandle kwe-myxobacteria.
Amaseli e-eukaryotic: Usayizi wayo ungaphezu kwama-microns amabili, ngaphezu kolwelwesi lweseli lunolwelwesi lwenuzi. I-DNA yakha ama-molecule ahambisanayo namaprotheni ahambisana nawo ngokusebenzisa izibopho eziqinile. I-DNA yakha ama-chromosomes amaningi ahlukene. Iseli lifaka izinhlobonhlobo zama-cytoplasmic organelles, amathambo angaphakathi, nezingxenyana zangaphakathi. Amaseli e-eukaryotic akha IZINHLANGANO ZE-EUCHARIAN (njengezilwane, izitshalo kanye nomuntu) okuyizinto eziphilayo ezi-PLURICELLULAR.
Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo ze-Unicellular ne-Multicellular Organisms
Ingakusebenzela: Izitho Zomzimba Womuntu
Izibonelo zezinto eziphilayo ezinamaseli amaningi
- UmuntuIzinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaseli zakha ubuningi bezicubu ezakha ukujikeleza kwegazi, ukwesaba, amathambo, njll.
- Udoti: Njengamanye ama-crustaceans, ingxenye yamaseli ayo iyahlukaniswa ukuze yakhe i-exoskeleton, isakhiwo esimboza futhi sivikele isilwane.
- Ihlengethwa: Isilwane esincelisayo samanzi. Njengazo zonke izilwane, yakhiwa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaseli ezilwane eukaryotic.
- Ukolweni: Ukudla komndeni wotshani. Yenziwe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamaseli ezitshalo ze-eukaryotic.
- Ukugwinya: Izinyoni zemikhuba yokufuduka, eyomndeni wama-hirundínidos, wohlelo lwabadlula ngendlela.
- Utshani: Njengezinye izitshalo ezinama-monocotyledonous, isiqu sawo sifaka amaseli we-meristematic avumela ukuthi ubude bawo benyuswe ngemuva kokusikwa.
- Inyama yenkukhu: Inyoni yomndeni wakwaPhasianidae. Njengezinye izinyoni, imbozwe ngezimpaphe ezakhiwe ngamaseli akhethekile ku-epidermis okuthiwa ama-keratinocyte.
- Uhlobo lwenhlanzi: Kokubili izinhlanzi zasolwandle nezasemanzini. Njengezinhlanzi eziningi (i-bony noma i-cartilaginous) isikhumba sayo simbozwe esikalini, amaseli akhethekile ahlukile esikalini sezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
- Ixoxo le-Temporaria: I-Amphibian i-anuran yomndeni wakwaRanidae, ohlala eYurophu nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Asia.
- Isibankwa esiluhlazaIzinhlobo zezilwanyana (reptile) zomndeni wakwaTeiidae. Itholakala ku-ecozone evula iChaco yase-Argentina, Bolivia neParaguay.
Vele, ngaphezu kwalokhu okukhulunyiwe, izinkulungwane zezibonelo zingabalwa, ngoba zonke izilwane ezikhona ziyizinto eziphilayo ezinamaseli amaningi. Uma udinga izibonelo eziningi, ungavakashela isigaba se- Izibonelo Zezilwane Ezigugile, noma Izilwane ezingenamqolo.
- Ingakusebenzela: Yini ama-Unicellular Organisms?
