-Delile
I- Izinhlobo zemibhalo Ziyisethi yezigaba zokuhlukanisa imibhalo eyakha iMibhalo, kucatshangelwa kokubili ukwakheka kwayo kanye nokuqukethwe kuyo.
Izinhlobo zemibhalo ziphakamisa isivumelwano somsebenzi ngamunye maqondana nendlela okufanele ifundwe ngayo, yini okufanele ilindelwe kuwo, ukuthi yiziphi izici zayo eziyisisekelo okufanele zibe njalo, njll.
- Bheka futhi: Umbhalo wezincwadi
Yiziphi izinhlobo zemibhalo?
Yize izinhlobo zemibhalo ziyizigaba ezahluka ngokuya kwesikhathi futhi ziphendula indlela okwenziwa ngayo izincwadi ngesikhathi esithile, namuhla babona izinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu ezichaziwe:
- Uhlobo lokulandisa. Kubonakala ngokuchazwa okuqondile noma okungaqondile kwendaba noma uchungechunge lwezindaba, emlonyeni wombalisi othize. Eminye imikhakha yilawa: yindaba emfushane, inoveli, umlando nomlando omncane.
- Uhlobo lwezinkondlo. Iphawuleka ngenkululeko yokuzithoba embhalweni ngokuziqambela izingoma, kanye nangokucacisa okokufanekisa noma okuyindida kolimi lwakho ukulichaza. Imibhalo yezinkondlo imvamisa ibhalwa evesini bese kusetshenziswa imvumelwano, yize kukhona nemibhalo yezinkondlo ebhalwe ngephrozi. Ezinye izigaba yilezi: inkondlo, ezothando, i-copla, i-haiku, izincwadzi ezifile.
- Umdlalo. Kubonakala ngokuklanyelwa ukumelwa kamuva enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Kuyindaba enenhlamvu eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lombalisi futhi yahlelwa esenzakalweni sokuqamba. Ezinye izizinda yilezi: inhlekelele, amahlaya, isifo esibuhlungu.
Ngokuya ngesigaba, uhlobo lwesine lwemibhalo lubuye lubhekiswe kokulandelayo:
- Indatshana. Kubonakala ngendlela ekhululekile, eqondisayo nefundisayo kunoma yisiphi isihloko, okuwukuthi, ukubonakaliswa nokuvezwa kombono maqondana nento ekhethwe umbhali, kungekho okunye ukukhuthazwa ngaphandle kokuhamba ngokukhululeka: injabulo yokucabanga ngokukhululeka ngenkathi kuhlonishwa futhi zenzele iziphetho.
Izibonelo zezinhlobo zemibhalo
- Izinkondlo (evesini): “15”, nguPablo Neruda
Ngiyakuthanda uma uzivalela ngoba ungekho,
futhi ungizwa ukude, nezwi lami alikuthinti
Kubonakala sengathi amehlo akho asendizile
futhi kubonakala sengathi ukwanga kuzokuvala umlomo
Njengoba zonke izinto zigcwele umphefumulo wami
uphuma ezintweni, ugcwele umphefumulo wami
I-butterfly ephuphayo, ubukeka njengomphefumulo wami,
futhi ubukeka njengegama melancholy
Ngiyakuthanda uma uthula futhi ufana nokude
Futhi ufana nokukhononda, uvemvane oluthambile
Futhi ungilalele kude, futhi izwi lami alifinyeleli kuwe:
Ngivumele ngizithule ngokuthula kwakho
Ake nami ngikhulume nawe ngokuthula kwakho
icace njengesibani, ilula njengendandatho
Ufana nobusuku, uthule futhi uyizinkanyezi
Ukuthula kwakho kuvela ezinkanyezini, kuze kube manje futhi kulula
Ngiyakuthanda uma uzivalela ngoba ufana nengekho
Okude futhi okubuhlungu sengathi ushonile
Igama-ke, ukumamatheka kwanele
Futhi ngiyajabula, ngiyajabula ukuthi akulona iqiniso.
Izibonelo eziningi ku:
- Izinkondlo zobuciko
- Izinkondlo ezimfushane
- Ukulandisa (indaba emfushane): "I-Dinosaur" ka-Augusto Monterroso
Lapho iphaphama, idayinaso yayisekhona.
- IDramaturgy: "Venice" kaJorge Accame (Ucezu)
UMARTA Ah. Vele, njengoba le ntokazi ivusa amaklayenti ngemali futhi inyamalale izinsuku ezimbalwa ...
GRACIELA.- Usho ukuthini?
UMARTA.- Lokho, nje. Ukuthi le ntokazi ayinawo amaklayenti, inamasoka.
GRACIELA.- Kubaluleke ngani lokho kuwe? Ngifaka iwele elifanayo, noma cha?
RITA.- (To Marta) Myeke. Naseminyakeni yakhe wenza okufanayo.
MARTA.- Eminyakeni yakho, eminyakeni yakho! Futhi ungena ini, uma ngikhuluma naye?
CHATO.- (KuGraciela) Graciela, thina?
GRACIELA.- Awungiyeke, silima, awuboni ukuthi ngiyalwa? (To Marta) Unani nami?
(…)
- Ukulandisa (indaba emfushane): "Injabulo yaseClandestine" nguClarice Lispector (Ingcaphuno)
Wayekhuluphele, emfishane, emangele, futhi enezinwele ezisontekile ngokweqile, ephuzi kancane. Wayenomdlandla omkhulu, ngenkathi sonke sisalele. Njengokungathi lokho bekunganele, amaphakethe amabili eblawuzi yakhe agcwele uswidi ngenhla kwesifuba sakhe. Kodwa wayenakho noma iyiphi intombazane edla amahlaya eyayingathanda ukuba nayo: ubaba ongumnikazi wesitolo sezincwadi.
Akazange ayisebenzise kakhulu. Futhi besingaphansi kangako: ngisho nangezinsuku zokuzalwa, esikhundleni sokungenani incwadi encane eshibhile, ubengasinika ikhadi leposi esitolo sikayise. Ngaphezulu kwakuhlala kuyindawo yaseRecife, idolobha lapho sasihlala khona, namabhuloho alo angaphezu kokubonakala (...)
- Izinkondlo (ngephrozi): "21" ngu-Oliverio Girondo
Vumela imisindo ibhoboze amazinyo akho, njengefayela likadokotela wamazinyo, futhi inkumbulo yakho igcwale ukugqwala, iphunga elibolile namazwi aphukile.
Kwangathi umlenze wesicabucabu ungakhula kuma-pores akho ngamunye; ukuthi ungondla kuphela kumakhadi asetshenzisiwe nokuthi ukulala kunciphisa wena, njenge-steamroller, kusayizi wesithombe sakho.
Ukuthi lapho uphumela emgwaqweni, ngisho nezibani zikukhahlela; Kwangathi ukushiseka ngokweqile okungenakuphikiswa kungakuphoqa ukuba uguqe phambi kwamathini okulahla udoti futhi kwangathi bonke abantu bakuleli dolobha bangakukhohlisela indawo yepikiniki.
(…)
Isendlalelo sezinhlobo zemibhalo
Umzamo wokuqala wokuhlukanisa imisebenzi yobuciko yaleli gama wenziwa yisazi sefilosofi esingumGreki u-Aristotle kweyakhe Izinkondlo (IV BC) futhi kufakwe izinhlobo ezilandelayo, abazali esibazi namuhla:
- Iqhawe. Kunalokho njengokulandisayo, inikeze ukuphinda kusetshenzwe kwemicimbi yasenganekwaneni noma eyinganekwane yesisekelo esidlule sesiko (njengeTrojan War, esimweni se I-Iliad kaHomer), idluliswa ngumbalisi, yize esebenzisa incazelo nezingxoxo. Ngaleso sikhathi, lolu hlu lwaluculwa ngama-rhapsody.
- I-lyric. Ilingana nenkondlo yamanje, yize nayo isondele kakhulu ekuculeni nasekuhlabeleleni. Kulolu hlobo lombhali bekufanele aqambe amavesi azwakalise ngolimi lwakhe imizwa yakhe, ukuzithoba kwakhe nokwazisa anakho maqondana nengqikimba ekhuthazayo.
- Okumangazayo. Ngokulingana nohlobo lwamanje olumangazayo, kwakungumbhalo waseshashalazini owadlala indima enkulu emasikweni amaGrikhi asendulo ekwakheni imizwa nokuziphatha kwezakhamizi zawo. Iningi labo belimelela izinganekwane nezindaba ezinomsuka wenkolo.
- Qhubeka: Imisinga yokubhala
