-Delile
A inkolo kuyinto iqoqo lezinkambiso zamasiko, zokuziphatha nezenhlalo kanye nemikhuba eyakha umbono womhlaba futhi exhumanisa ubuntu nombono ongcwelefuthi ayinasikhathiNgamanye amagama, ziletha umuzwa wokudlulela kulwazi lokuphila.
Izinkolo zabamba iqhaza elibalulekile ezigabeni zokuqala zempucuko, kusukela ikhodi yokuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha ngisho nomthetho wezomthetho kuvame ukuvela kubo, lapho kwakhiwa khona indlela yokuphila nomqondo othile womsebenzi noma injongo yokuphila.
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kukhona abaseduze Izinkolo ezahlukahlukene ezingama-4000 emhlabeni, ngayinye inemikhuba yayo yenhlanganyelo, izindawo zayo ezingcwele, izimpawu zayo zokholo nezinganekwane zayo kanye nomqondo wayo wobuNkulunkulu, ongcwele noNkulunkulu wayo (noma onkulunkulu bayo). Iningi lithi ukholo njengenye yezindinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu zomuntu, njengoba zikholelwa ngokweqile emvelweni (kukholelwa ngaphandle kokungabaza) futhi zihlukanisa abalandeli befilosofi yayo ethize nabasebenza kwezinye izinkolelo noma, futhi, kwabangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu noma abakholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu akaziwa.
Lo mqondo uvame ukuveza ingxube yethemba, ukuzinikela, isisa senhliziyo kanye nezinye izimfanelo ezinhle ezithathwa njengeziphakeme ngokomoya noma ezikhanyisayo, kepha Iphinde yasebenza njengokweseka imibono yezimpi ezichitha igazi, ukushushiswa, ukubandlululwa ngisho nohulumeni, njengoba kwenzeka ngombuso ongokwasezulwini wamaKatolika phakathi neYurophu yangenkathi kanye neNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki “Engcwelengcwele” yawo.
Njengamanje kushiwo ukuthi cishe ama-59% wabantu bomhlaba bathi banenkolo ethileYize abantu abaningi bethi izinkolo eziningi noma imikhuba ehlukahlukene yenkolo namasiko ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphandle kwesiko elithile abalilandelayo nokuthi inkolo yabo iyakuvumela noma cha. Le ngenye yamafomu ocingo ukuvumelanisa kwamasiko.
Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo Zamasiko Namasiko
Izinhlobo zezinkolo
Izinhlobo ezintathu zezimfundiso zenkolo zivame ukuhlukaniswa, ngokuya ngomqondo wazo ngoNkulunkulu nangaphezulu, okungukuthi:
- Ababodwa. Leli yigama elinikezwe izinkolo ezithi zikhona ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu oyingqayizivele, umdali wazo zonke izinto, futhi zivikela amakhodi azo wokuziphatha nakhona njengawo wonke futhi ayiqiniso. Isibonelo esihle salokhu ubuSulumane.
- Ama-Polytheists. Esikhundleni sikaNkulunkulu oyedwa, lezi zinkolo zakha inqwaba yezithixo ezithi zibuse kubo izici ezahlukahlukene zokuphila komuntu nendawo yonke. Isibonelo salokhu kwakuyinkolo yamaGreki asendulo amaGreki, ayehlanganiswe ezincwadini zawo ezicebile.
- Ama-Pantheists. Kulokhu, izinkolo zigcina ukuthi umdali nendalo, umhlaba kanye nokomoya, banezinto ezifanayo futhi baphendula into eyodwa noma yendawo yonke. Isibonelo sabo ubuTao.
- Abangewona ama-theists. Okokugcina, lezi zinkolo azisho ukuthi kukhona abadali nabadalile kanjalo, kepha yimithetho yendawo yonke elawula ingokomoya lomuntu nokuba khona kwakhe. UbuBuddha buyisibonelo esihle salokhu.
Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo Zezimo Zomphakathi
Izibonelo zezinkolo
- UbuBuddha. Ekuqaleni ivela eNdiya, le nkolo engeyona inkolo ivame ukuthi izimfundiso zayo zibhekiswe kuGautama Buddha (uSidarta Gautama noma uSakyamuni), isazi semfundiso yaso eyayifuna ukulingana phakathi kokuzincisha nokuswela, nokuzitika ngenkanuko. Le nkolo isabalale kakhulu kulo lonke elase-Asia, yingakho namuhla iyinkolo yesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni, inabalandeli abayizigidi ezingama-500 abanemikhuba emibili eyahlukene: iTheravada neMahayana. Inenani elikhulu lezikole nezincazelo, kanye nemikhuba namasiko nezindlela zokukhanyisa, ngoba ayinaye uNkulunkulu onikeza isigwebo kwabathembekile bakhe.
- UbuKatolika. Ihlelo eliyinhloko lobuKristu eNtshonalanga, lihlelwe kancane noma ngaphansi kweSonto LamaKatolika elizinze eVatican futhi limelelwa uPapa. Ufana nawo wonke amaKristu ukukholwa kuJesu Kristu njengoMesiya nendodana kaNkulunkulu, futhi balindele ukubuya kwakhe kwesibili, okuzosho ukwahlulelwa kokugcina nokuhola kwabathembekile bakhe ekusindisweni okuphakade. Umbhalo wayo ongcwele yiThe Bible (womabili amaTestamente amasha namadala). Ingxenye yesithupha yabantu emhlabeni ingamaKhatholika ngakho-ke bangaphezu kwesigamu samaKrestu omhlaba (abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.2 abathembekile).
- I-Anglicanism. I-Anglicanism yigama lezimfundiso zobuKristu eNgilandi, eWales nase-Ireland ngemuva kwenguquko eyatholwa ubuKhatholika ngekhulu le-16 (elaziwa ngeNguquko yamaProthestani). Amasonto aseSheshi abeka ukholo lwawo eBhayibhelini, kodwa alilahle ikusasa lebandla laseRoma, ngakho-ke ahlangana azungeze uMbhishobhi Omkhulu waseCanterbury. Baziwa sebebonke njengeSidlo SaseSheshi, umphambili wabantu abayizigidi ezingama-98 abathembekile emhlabeni jikelele.
- UbuLuthela. Eyaziwa ngokuthi inhlangano yamaProthestani, iyihlelo elinamathela ezimfundisweni zikaMartin Luther (1438-1546) ezimfundisweni zobuKristu, ezaziwa ngokuthi iNguquko YamaProthestani, lapho babeyiqembu lokuqala ukuvela khona. Yize lungekho ngempela isonto lamaLuthela, kodwa kuneqembu lamasonto abavangeli, kulinganiselwa ukuthi inani labalandeli balo lifinyelela kwizigidi ezingama-74 ezithembekile futhi, njenge-Anglicanism, liyalamukela ukholo lukaJesu Kristu kepha liyabulahla ubupapa nesidingo ubupristi, ngoba bonke abathembekile bangenza kanjalo.
- AmaSulumane. Enye yezintambo ezintathu ezinkulu zenkolo eyodwa, kanye nobuKristu nobuJuda, umbhalo wayo ongcwele oyiKoran noMuhammad umprofethi wawo. Ngenkathi ibona eminye imibhalo efana neTorah namaVangeli njengengcwele, i-Islam ilawulwa izimfundiso ( I-Sunna) komprofethi wakhe, ngokusho kwemigudu emibili yokuhumusha ebizwa ngeShiite neSunni. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunamaSulumane acishe abe yizigidi eziyi-1200 emhlabeni anemisinga eguquguqukayo yokuncika ezimisweni zenkolo, okwenza kube yinkolo yesibili ethembekile kakhulu emhlabeni.
- UbuJuda. Leli yigama elinikezwe inkolo yabantu abangamaJuda, omdala kunabo bonke abakholwayo abathathu, yize kunguyena onenani elincane kakhulu labathembekile abathi (cishe izigidi eziyi-14). Umbhalo wayo oyisisekelo yiTorah, yize ingekho nhlobo imithetho yemithetho yale nkolo, kepha iyingxenye yalokho okubizwa ngeTestamente Elidala lamaKrestu. Kodwa-ke, inkolo yamaJuda ihlanganisa ukuthembeka kwayo njengenkolelo, inkambiso yamasiko, kanye nesizwe, ibahlukanisa kakhulu kwabanye.
- UbuHindu. Le nkolo ngeyaseNdiya naseNepal kakhulu, futhi iyinkolo yesithathu ethembekile kunazo zonke emhlabeni: abalandeli ababalelwa esigidini esisodwa. Empeleni iqoqo lezimfundiso ezahlukahlukene, eziqoqwe ngaphansi kwegama elifanayo, ngaphandle komsunguli oyedwa noma uhlobo oluthile lwenhlangano emaphakathi, kepha isiko lamasiko amaningi elibizwa ngokuthi dharma. Lesi yisona sizathu esenza ubuHindu, njengobuJuda, bumele hhayi inkolelo kuphela kepha okungokwesiko okuphelele, lapho ukukholelwa kukho konke, ukukholelwa kunkulunkulu abaningi kanye nokukholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu akaziwa kunendawo, ngoba nakho kunemfundiso eyodwa.
- UbuTao. Ngaphezu kwenkolo nje, uhlelo lwefilosofi olulandela izimfundiso zesazi sefilosofi esingumShayina uLao Tse, oluqoqwe encwadini iTao Te King. Bakhomba emcabangweni womhlaba ophethwe ngamabutho amathathu: the yin (amandla okungena), i- i-yang (amandla asebenzayo) kanye ne- IKATI (ukubuyisana namandla aphezulu aqukethe), nokuthi lowo muntu kufanele afise ukuvumelana ngaphakathi. Ngalowo mqondo, ubuTao abusho ikhodi noma imfundiso okumele abathembekile bayilandele, kepha baluchungechunge lwemigomo yokubusa yefilosofi.
- UbuShinto. Le nkolo yokukholelwa konkulunkulu abaningi ivela eJapane futhi into ekhonzwa yiyo kami noma imimoya yemvelo. Phakathi kwemikhuba yako kukhona ukukholelwa emimoyeni, ukuhlonishwa kokhokho, futhi kunemibhalo embalwa engcwele yemvelaphi yendawo, njengeShoku Nihongi noma iKojiki, lena yokugcina ingumbhalo womlando. Futhi ayinabo onkulunkulu abadumile noma abahlukile, noma izindlela ezisunguliwe zokukhulekela, futhi yayiyinkolo yezwe kuze kube yi-1945.
- ISanteria (Umthetho we-Oshá-Ifá). Le nkolo ingumkhiqizo wokuvumelanisa phakathi kwe-European Catholicism nenkolo yamaYoruba yemvelaphi yase-Afrika, futhi kwenzeka ngaphakathi kohlaka lwamakoloni aseMelika lapho amasiko womabili angcolisana khona. Kuyinkolo ethandwayo eLatin America, eCanary Islands futhi etholakala eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, yize ixhunyaniswe namasiko abantu baseNigeria abahlakazeke njengezigqila ngesandla esinqobayo saseYurophu. Ihlanjalazwe yimibono ye-Eurocentric, eye yabona ekukholelweni konkulunkulu abaningi kanye nemikhuba yayo yenkambiso, okuvame ukufaka ukudansa, ukunikela ngotshwala neminikelo yezilwane, indawo ephambili yemithetho yobuKhristu eyinduna.
Bangakukhonza:
- Izibonelo Zenkambiso Yezenkolo
- Izibonelo Zamaqiniso Omphakathi
