Izinhlobo zeJografi

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Izinhlobo zejografi yabantu
Izinhlobo zejografi ebonakalayo

I- ukuma kwezwe yisayensi efunda ubuso beplanethi enguMhlaba: incazelo yayo engokwenyama nengokwemvelo (imidwebo, isimo sezulu, inhlabathi, izimbali nezilwane); ukumelwa kwayo okucacile nemiphakathi ehlala kuyo. IJografi ichaza futhi ichaze izehlakalo zemvelo nezenhlalo, ukuthi zazinjani nokuthi zishintsha kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

IJografi yehlukaniswe ngamagatsha amabili amakhulu: i-geography yesifunda (icwaninga izakhiwo zomhlaba ezifana nezifunda, izindawo, izindawo, amazwe) kanye nejografi ejwayelekile, ehlukaniswe kwaba:

Ijografi yomuntu. Funda imiphakathi yabantu, ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo, imisebenzi abayenzayo kanye nemvelo (indawo, umongo) abahlala kuwo.Fundisisa umuntu nobudlelwano nemvelo yakhe. Kubandakanya amagatsha ahlukahlukene wokufunda, ngokwesibonelo: i-geography yamasiko yabantu, i-geography yabantu basemaphandleni.
Ijografi yomzimba. Funda ngezimpawu zomzimba womhlaba nezinto ezakha wona: izimo zosizo, izimila, isimo sezulu. Kubandakanya amagatsha ahlukahlukene wokufunda, ngokwesibonelo: i-climatology, i-geomorphology

Izinhlobo zejografi yabantu

Ijografi yabantu basemaphandleni. Funda izindawo zasemakhaya, ukwakheka kwazo, izinhlelo zazo, imisebenzi yazo, ukuthi zakhiwa kanjani, ikhwalithi yempilo yazo. Amanye amasayensi angasebenzisana nalokhu yi-agronomy kanye ne-economics.
I-geography yabantu basemadolobheni. Tadisha izindawo ezisemadolobheni, ukwakheka kwazo, izici zazo, izinto ezizenzayo, ukuvela kwazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Funda imvelo yasemadolobheni, ukufuduka kwamadolobha.
Ijografi yomuntu wezokwelapha. Funda imiphumela yemvelo empilweni yabantu. Funda izimo zezempilo zabantu. Isayensi yayo esizayo ingumuthi.
Ijografi yabantu yokuhamba. Ihlaziya izindlela zokuhamba nezindlela zokuhamba ngaphakathi kwendawo enikeziwe, umthelela wazo emphakathini nakwezemvelo.
Indawo yezomnotho yabantu. Tadisha umsebenzi wezomnotho esikhaleni esithile sendawo. Kukhombisa izinhlobo ezehlukene zokuhlelwa komnotho nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo.
Ijografi yabantu bezenhlalo. Funda izinhlobo zenhlangano yezepolitiki nezenhlalo yabantu, izikhungo, izinhlelo zikahulumeni.
Isiko lokuma komuntu. Hlaziya isiko labantu abathile noma umphakathi nobudlelwano obukuzo.
Indawo yomlando womuntu. Funda izinguquko zenhlalo yabantu noma isifunda esithile eminyakeni edlule.
Ijografi yokuguga. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-gerontological geography, icwaninga ngemiphumela yabantu asebekhulile emphakathini.

Izinhlobo zejografi ebonakalayo

Isimo Sezulu. Funda izimo zezulu zesifunda. Ihlukaniswe yaba isimo sezulu sokuhlaziya (izibalo zihlola izimfanelo zesimo sezulu), i-synoptic climatology (ihlaziya isimo sezulu sezindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba) nesimo sezulu sasemadolobheni (sihlaziya izimo zezulu zedolobha elithile).
I-Geomorphology. Funda ubujamo bomhlaba. Ihlukaniswe yaba: i-fluomal geomorphology (ifunda lezo zindawo ezakhiwe ngenxa yokuguguleka kanye nezinqubo zemvula), ama-slope geomorphology (acwaninga izindawo eziphakeme, njengezintaba), i-geomorphology yomoya (bheka ukuthi indawo ishintsha kanjani ngenxa yethonya le umoya), i-glomial geomorphology (icwaninga indawo embozwe izindawo ezinkulu zeqhwa), i-geomorphology yesimo sezulu (ifunda ngobudlelwano phakathi kwesimo sezulu nensimu) kanye ne-geomorphology enamandla (ifunda ukuguqulwa kwenhlabathi ngezinqubo ezingapheli nezingaphandle zokuguguleka) .
I-Hydrography. Funda izikhala ezihlala imizimba ebalulekile yamanzi. Ihlukaniswe yaba yi-hydromorphometry (ifunda ngemifula nemifudlana, izici zayo, ubukhulu bayo) kanye ne-hydrography yasolwandle (ifunda phansi nangaphezulu kolwandle).
Ijografi yasogwini. Fundisisa izici zamachibi emifula, izilwandle, imifudlana, amachibi.
Imvelo. Funda ukusatshalaliswa kwezinto eziphilayo endaweni yasemhlabeni. Ihlukaniswe yaba yi-phytogeography (ifunda ngezimbali zalesi sifunda kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwalaba bantu), i-zoogeography (ifunda ngezilwane zale ndawo kanye nobudlelwano ababusebenzisayo) kanye ne-biogeography yesiqhingi (ifunda ngezilwane nezitshalo eziqhingini) .
Pi-edology. Fundisisa umsuka wenhlabathi endaweni ethile.
I-Palaeogeography. Ubhekene nokwakhiwa kabusha kwesikhala kuzo zonke izikhathi ezahlukahlukene zokuma komhlaba. Ihlukaniswe ngamagatsha amathathu: i-paleoclimatology (ifunda ngokuhluka kwesimo sezulu eminyakeni edlule), i-paleogeobiography (ifunda ukwehluka kwesifunda maqondana nezimbali nezilwane), i-paleohydrology (ihlaziya ukuguqulwa kwezilwandle, imifula, amachibi).