Ukungcola Komoya Okuyinhloko (Izibonelo) - Encyclopedia

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Ukungcola komoya okuyinhloko
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I- ukungcola okukhulu komoya zidalwe ngumuntu, okungukuthi zingukungcola okungaphandle. Amagesi nezinye izinto ezinobuthi zikhishwa okuhlukahlukene imisebenzi yezomnotho yabantu.

Ukungcola kwenzeka lapho ukutholakala noma ukuqoqwa kwento kuthinta kabi imvelo.

Imithombo yokungcola ingathatha izindlela ezahlukahlukene:

Kulungisiwe: Yilezo ezingaguquki endaweni, lokhu kunomphumela wokuqongelela izinto ezifanayo eziyingozi endaweni. Umehluko endabeni ye- ukungcoliswa komoya ngukuthi yize umthombo ulungisiwe, umoya ungasabalalisa ukungcola endaweni enkulu kakhulu.
Omakhalekhukhwini: Lezo eziguqula izindawo ngenkathi zikhipha ukungcola, zandisa indawo ethintekile.
Indawo: Lapho umkhakha omkhulu unemithombo eyahlukahlukene nencane yokungcola okuthi, ngesamba sokukhishwa kwayo, kuthinte indawo enkulu.
Izimo zemvelo: I-ecosystem ingathinteka kabi yimithombo engancikile esenzweni somuntu. Kulezi zimo sikhuluma ngokungcoliswa okungapheli. Endabeni yomoya, isibonelo sokungcoliswa kwendalo yi- Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Kodwa-ke, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo akuzona izinto ezingcolisa umoya, njengoba uhlu luzokhombisa.

Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo Zokungcoliswa Kwedolobha

Ukungcola komoya okuyinhloko

I-Carbon monoxide (CO): Igesi elingenambala linobuthi kakhulu ezindaweni ezihlala kakhulu noma ngokuchayeka isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile, akuvamile ukutholakala kokugxila okuphezulu ngokwanele ukudala ubuthi obusheshayo. Kodwa-ke, izitofu ezishisa uphethiloli (izinkuni, igesi, amalahle) ziyingozi kakhulu uma zingenakho ukufakwa okufanelekile okuvumela ukuphuma kwomoya. Abantu abayizigidi ezine bafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yobuthi be-carbon monoxide. Kuvela ku-

Ukukhishwa kwe-carbon monoxide okungu-86% kuvela ekuthuthweni (ukungcola kwendawo emadolobheni nakuselula ekuthuthweni kwebanga elide)
I-6% yokusha kukaphethiloli embonini (ukungcola okungaguquki)
3% ezinye izinqubo zezimboni
Ukushisa okungu-4% nezinye izinqubo ezingaziwa (isb. Izitofu, ukungcola kwendawo)

Ama-nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, NOx): Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-nitric oxide ne-nitrogen dioxide. Yize ikhiqizwa ngobuningi ngomsebenzi wabantu, i-oxidized (ichithwa yi-oxygen) emoyeni. Omunye wemiphumela emibi yalokhu oxides ngukuthi bangenela ekwakheni imvula ene-asidi, babe izingcolisi hhayi umoya wodwa kepha nomhlabathi futhi lamanzi. Kuvela ku:

Ezokuthutha ezingama-62%. Ukuhlushwa kwe-NO2 (i-nitrogen dioxide) kutholakala ezindaweni eziseduze nemizila yezimoto, futhi imiphumela emibi ohlelweni lokuphefumula itholakele, noma ngabe ukutholakala kwale oxide kungokwesikhashana.
Ama-30% omlilo wokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Izimboni eziningi nabantu basebenzisa uphethiloli ukukhiqiza amandla. Noma kunjalo, zikhona izinketho zokuhlanza njengomoya, amandla elanga noma amandla kagesi kagesi avikela ukuphuma kwezingcolisi.
I-7% ikhiqizwa ngokuphelele yi: ngesikhathi sokubola okukhiqizwe yi- amagciwane, imililo yehlathi, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Imililo eminingi yehlathi ibangelwa imisebenzi yabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubola kwamagciwane kwenzeka ngezinga elikhulu ezindaweni zokulahla imfucuza, ngenxa yokonakala kukadoti wemvelo. Ngamanye amagama, yingxenye encane kuphela yokukhishwa kwe-nitrogen oxide ekhiqizwa ukungcola kwemvelo.

I-Sulphur dioxide (SO2): Kutholakale ubudlelwano phakathi kwezimo zokuphefumula kubantu kanye nokuhlungwa kwesulfure dioxide emoyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyimbangela enkulu yemvula ene-asidi, ethinta imvelo yonke, ukungcolisa inhlabathi kanye namanzi. Kuza cishe kuphela (93%) ekushisweni izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi (Okuphuma ku-Petroleum). Lokhu kushiswa kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ukuthola amandla, kepha futhi nasezinqubeni zezimboni ("izimboni zikashimula") kanye nasezokuthutha.

Izinhlayiya ezimisiwe: Futhi okubizwa ngokuthi i-particulate matter, yizinhlayiya okuqinile noma ketshezi lokho kuhlala kumisiwe emoyeni. Ukuze into engeyona igesi imiswe emoyeni, kufanele ibe nobubanzi obuthile obubizwa ngokuthi “ububanzi be-aerodynamic” (ububanzi obunobubanzi obunendawo ukuminyana of 1 gram per cubic centimeter ukuze i-velocity yayo yokugcina emoyeni ifane naleyo ye-particle okukhulunywa ngayo). Kuvela ku-

Ukushisa okungaphelele kwanoma iyiphi into: izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi, imfucuza ngisho nogwayi.
Futhi ziyizinhlayiya ze-silica ezivela enqubeni yedwala kanye nezinqubo zokwenza ingilazi nezitini.
Izimboni zezindwangu zikhiqiza uthuli oluphilayo.

I-Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)Zazijwayeleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwama-aerosol, yize manje ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwehlile ngenxa yemiphumela yazo emibi emvelweni. Zisetshenziswa futhi ezinhlelweni zefriji. Lo gesi ubophezela izinhlayiya ze-ozone zongqimba ezivikela iplanethi, ziyibole. Ikholi "imbobo ye-ozone”Ishiya izindawo zomhlaba zingavikelekile emisebeni yelanga eyingozi kubantu, ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni.