-Delile
I- imithala zingamaqembu amakhulu ezinkanyezi ahlangana ngamandla adonsela phansi, futhi njalo azungeza isikhungo esivamile. Kunamakhulu ezinkulungwane zezigidi zemithala endaweni yonke, ngamunye uqukethe izinkanyezi ezingaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyikhulu ngasikhathi sinye, zihluka ngosayizi, ukuma nokukhanya.
Iplanethi enguMhlaba, njengaso sonke isimiso sonozungezilanga, ingeyenye yalemithala ebizwa umthamo wezinkanyezi (ehumusheka ngokuthi 'umgwaqo wobisi'), ophethe lelo gama ngoba ubonwa useMhlabeni, umthala ubukeka njengamachaphaza obisi esibhakabhakeni.
Zenziwe ngani? Izinkanyezi, amafu egesi, amaplanethi, uthuli lwe-cosmic, izinto ezimnyama, namandla kuyizinto ezibonakala kumthala.Ngasikhathi sinye, ezinye izakhiwo ezinjenge-nebulae, amaqoqo ezinkanyezi, nezinhlelo zezinkanyezi eziningi zakha imithala.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemithala zivusa ukuhleleka kwe-morphological, lapho iqembu ngalinye libe nezici ezithile.
- Imithala evuthayo: Igama lazo lakhiwe ukwakheka kwamadiski azo lapho izinkanyezi, igesi nothuli kugxilwe ezingalweni ezijikelezayo, kudlulela ngaphandle kusuka enkabeni yenhliziyo yemithala. Zinezingalo ezijikelezayo ezigoqwe ngokuqinile noma ngaphansi ngokuqinile enkabeni emaphakathi, futhi zicebile ngegesi nothuli ngezinga eliphakeme lokwakheka kwezinkanyezi.
- Imithala ye-EllipticalZinezinkanyezi ezindala, ngakho-ke azinayo igesi noma uthuli.
- Imithala engajwayelekile: Azinaso isimo esithile futhi ziphakathi kwazo imithala emincane kakhulu.
Umlando
Isazi sezinkanyezi sasePheresiya ngokuvamile sikhonjiswa al-Sufi njengowokuqala ukuthwebula ubukhona bemithala, bese kuba ngumFulentshi uCharles Messier njengomhlanganisi wokuqala, ekupheleni Ikhulu XVIII, wezinto ezingezona izinkanyezi ezibandakanya imithala engaba ngamashumi amathathu.
Yonke imithala inomsuka nokuziphendukela kwemvelo, owokuqala wakha cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-1000 ngemuva kwe-big-bang. Ukuqeqeshwa kuqhamuke ama-athomu i-hydrogen ne-helium: ngokushintshashintsha kwe- ukuminyana wukuthi izakhiwo ezinkulu kakhulu zaqala ukuvela, okwabe sekudala imithala njengoba yaziwa namuhla.
Ikusasa
Esikhathini esizayo, kulindeleke ukuthi kukhiqizwe izizukulwane ezintsha zezinkanyezi inqobo nje uma imithala evunguza inamafu e-hydrogen ezingalweni zayo.
Le hydrogen ayinamkhawulo kepha inendawo encane, ngakho-ke lapho ukwakheka kwezinkanyezi ezintsha sekuphelile kuzophela: emithala njengeMilky Way, kulindeleke ukuthi inkathi yamanje yokwakheka kwezinkanyezi iyaqhubeka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu ezizayo, ukwehla lapho izinkanyezi ezincane ziqala ukuphela.
Izibonelo zemithala eduze koMhlaba
Inani elingezansi lemithala lizofakwa kuhlu ngezansi, kuqala ngalezo ezisondelene noMhlaba kanye nebanga labo ukusuka kwiplanethi yethu:
| AmaMagellanic Clouds (Iminyaka eyi-200,000 yokukhanya) |
| Udrako (Ukukhanya kweminyaka eyi-300,000) |
| IBhele elincane (Ukukhanya kweminyaka eyi-300,000) |
| Umqophi (Ukukhanya kweminyaka eyi-300,000) |
| Isitofu (400,000 light years away) |
| Leo (Iminyaka eyi-700,000 yokukhanya) |
| NGC 6822 (Iminyaka eyi-1,700,000 yokukhanya) |
| I-NGC 221 (MR2) (2,100,000 iminyaka elula) |
| I-Andromeda (M31) (2,200,000 iminyaka elula) |
| Unxantathu (M33) (2,700,000 iminyaka elula) |
Izibonelo zemithala ekude kakhulu
- z8_GND_5296
- Impisi-Lundmark-Melotte
- NGC 3226
- NGC 3184
- I-Galaxy 0402 + 379
- Mina Zwicky 18
- HVC 127-41-330
- IComet Comet
- Ilensi yeHuchra
- I-Pinwheel Galaxy
- I-M74
- VIRGOHI21
- I-Black Eye Galaxy
- I-Sombrero Galaxy
- NGC 55
- I-Abell 1835 IR
- NGC 1042
- I-Dwingeloo 1
- Isigaxa sasePhoenix
- NGC 45
- NGC 1
- I-Circinus Galaxy
- I-Austral Pinwheel Galaxy
- NGC 3227
- ICanis Major Dwarf
- Pegasus into encane
- Ama-Sextans A
- NGC 217
- Pegasus Spheroidal Dwarf
- UMaffei II
- Fornax Ubunzima
- NGC 1087
- I-Galaxy Baby Boom
- Ukusakazwa kwe-Virgo stellar
- U-Aquarius Dwarf
- I-Dwingeloo 2
- ICentaurus A
- I-Andromeda II
