-Delile
I- ukuziphendukela kwemvelo Kwenzeka kulezo zimo lapho izinhlobo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zithinteka ekuziphendukeleni okuguqukayo, okungukuthi, zidlula ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngokuhlanganyela.
Umbono uhlobene ngokuphelele ne- ukuncika okukhona phakathi kwezinhlobo kuze kufike ezingeni lapho, kuzo zonke izimo, kunesidingo sokuba nesilinganiso esithile lapho olunye uhlobo lukhiqiza noma luguqula.
Ingakusebenzela:
- Izibonelo ze-Symbiosis
- Izibonelo Zokuzivumelanisa Nezinto Eziphilayo
- Izibonelo Zokukhethwa Kwemvelo
- Izibonelo Zokukhethwa Kokufakelwa
I- umbono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo yanikelwa ngusosayensi wezinto eziphilayo uPaul Ehrlich, owathuthukisa umqondo wesidoda wokuthi ukuhlangana kwezitshalo nezitshalo ezidla utshani kwakha umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo wezinhlobo njengenjini yokwakha ukwehlukahlukana.
Umsebenzi ubuyingxenye yophenyo olukhulu kakhulu okuyi- funa umsuka wezinto eziphilayo, futhi u-Ehrlich wamisa izindawo zokuhlola, enquma ukuthi kunamaphethini ezinhlobonhlobo zabantu kanye nokwakheka kofuzo, kanye nasezintweni ezizilawulayo.
Imigomo
Izimo eziyisisekelo zenqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo zenzeke ngokusemthethweni zine:
- Izinhlobo ezimbili kufanele zibonise ukwehluka kuzici ezithile ezinomthelela ekutheni ukuxhumana phakathi kwazo kukhula kanjani;
- Kufanele kube khona ifayela le- ubuhlobo obungaguquguquki phakathi kwalezo zinhlamvu nokwanela;
- Labo bantu kumele babe ifa;
- Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili kumele kube ukuphindisela, kusuka ukucaciswa okuphezulu futhi yakhiqizwa ngasikhathi sinye ngesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo Zokukhethwa Kwemvelo
Iziphetho
Kunezikhathi lapho ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kubonakala ngezindlela ezimangazayo, njengokulungiswa kokuziphatha phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ukuguqulwa komzimba okusetshenziselwa kuphela ukufeza umsebenzi othile wolunye uhlobo.
Inqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ibe isenzo esinqunyelwe isikhathi nendawo, nombuzo we ukuziphendukela kwemvelo njengokusinda manje kuyaqondakala emphakathini futhi maqondana nolunye uhlobo, ngokuvamile olususelwa kuzindlela zokuvikela.
Izindlela okwenzeka ngayo ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuholela ekwahlukanisweni ngezinhlobo ezahlukene:
- Ukusabalalisa: Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwenzeka ngokuphendula kumlingiswa wezinhlobo eziningana, hhayi nolulodwa. Akukho ukuhlangana kofuzo.
- UkuqagelaUkusebenzisana phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo kukhiqiza ukubuyisana okuguqukayo, lapho eyodwa ilawula ukuhamba kwama-gametes elinye.
- I-Gene ngofuzo: Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuqhutshwa izinguquko ezakhiweni zofuzo eziyinhloko, futhi ngakunye okudala ukumelana kukhona okunye okuhambisana nobudlova.
- Inqubo exubile: Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuyabuyela emuva, futhi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kubangela ukuthi abantu bezinye izinhlobo bahlukaniswe ngokuzala.
- I-mosaic yezwe: Ukusebenzisana kunemiphumela ehlukile ngokuya ngesakhiwo sabantu, ngakho-ke ukuxhumana kungahle kwenzeke kwabanye abantu hhayi kwabanye. Iphethini yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ingadala ukuthi inhlobo ethile iguqukele kaningana ngasikhathi sinye.
Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo ze-Symbiosis
Izibonelo zezinqubo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo
- I- inhlanzi yokushayela ivikelwe yi ushaka, ngenkathi behlanza amazinyo, umlomo namehlo.
- Izinhlobo ze izitshalo zomtholo evela eMelika Ephakathi, enezinsipho ezingenalutho nezimbotshana ngaphansi kwamaqabunga ayo okukhipha umpe, lapho ezinye izintuthwane zizidlela khona.
- I- izinyoni of America eyahlangana nemindeni yezitshalo efana naleyo ye- ama-orchid.
- I- ilulwane Ukudla okunamakhala okude kwaseMexico kudla umpe we-saguaro cactus, kuguqula i-morphology yayo ngokususelwa kuyo.
- Isitshalo sohlobo lwePassiflora sakha izivikelo ezilwa notshalo ngokukhiqizwa kobuthi, okuyisu eliphumelelayo lokulwa nezinambuzane eziningi. Abanye babo bayedlula, futhi ubuthi ubenza bangathandeki ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, ngakho bayabaxosha.
- Umjikelezo phakathi hares AmaMelika kanye izihlahla, lapho izimbila zidinga ukuzondla ukuze zingabulawa yindlala, kepha zikhiqiza ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwenhlaka: inani lonogwaja liyancipha futhi umjikelezo uqala futhi.
- I- inundu qoqa impova ku imbali, bese siyasifaka siqinisekisa ukudla kwezibungu: isitshalo siyazuza lapho ama-ovules asele eguqulwa aba yimbewu.
- Inqubo yokuzingela phakathi kwe- Ingulule kanye ne- impala Wenza uhlobo lomncintiswano lwenzeka phakathi kwalaba bobabili, wanda ngejubane ngokwendlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
- I- i-orchid mantis Yisinambuzane esasifana nembali ukuzivikela ezilwaneni ezizidlayo.
- I- uvemvane I-nymphalid viceroy iguquke nama-jays aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngoba axosha izinyoni ngoba anobuthi: ukulingisa kunikeza ukuphepha kovemvane.
- Izibonelo ze-Symbiosis
- Izibonelo Zokuzivumelanisa Nezinto Eziphilayo
- Izibonelo Zokukhethwa Kwemvelo
- Izibonelo Zokukhethwa Kokufakelwa
