-Delile
I- amagciwane bangabantu abaphilayo unicellular futhi bakhona izinto ze-prokaryotic. Lokhu kusho ukuthi okokusebenza kofuzo, okuyimicu eyindilinga eyisiyingi eyindilinga ephindwe kabili ye-DNA, kumahhala kuyi-cytoplasm, hhayi ebiyelwe ngaphakathi kwe-nucleus.
Njengoba ama-microfossils nama-stromatolites (amakoloni ezinsalela zamagciwane ahlanganiswe namaminerali) atholakele kuzidumbu ezivela ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka komhlaba, kanye nasemadwaleni ezinsalela amadala kune Iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-3.5, kuthiwa amabhaktheriya ayekhona kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kakhulu.
Kangangokuthi bake baba khona isikhathi eside somlando womhlaba lapho kwakungekho ezinye izinhlobo zokuphila. Eqinisweni, amagciwane aletha izehlakalo eziphawuleka kakhulu zokuvela kwemvelo.
- Bhekafuthi:Ama-virus (i-biology)
Izinhlobo zamagciwane
Kuvame ukuhlukaniswa namuhla ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu:
- Amagciwane: zimelwe ngu evelele kwimvelo yemvelo namuhla, ngokuba khona kwamazinga e-oksijeni ahlukene kanye namametabolism ahlukahlukene.
- I-Archaea: ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo imele a isigaba sangaphambilini, ngamakhemikhali aguqulwe ngokukhethekile ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zemvelo, njengokuntuleka komoya-mpilo (khumbula ukuthi, ngokocwaningo olunzima, kwakungekho-oxygen emhlabeni kuze kube kuvela imifino, abakhululi abakhulu be-oxygen), noma usawoti kakhulu noma izindawo ezine-asidi kakhulu futhi amazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Okukhulu impumelelo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo amabhaktheriya ikakhulukazi kubangelwa ukumangala kwawo ukuguquguquka kwemithi. Kungashiwo ukuthi zonke izindlela ezikhona ze- ukuthola udaba namandla akhona asatshalaliswa ezigabeni ezahlukahlukene zamagciwane.
- Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo Zamagciwane
Izibonelo zamagciwane
| Escherichia coli | Bacillus thuringiensis |
| Bacillus subtilis | IClostridium botulinum |
| Isifo sofuba iMycobacterium | Clostridium tetani |
| I-Nitrobacter winogradsky | UPseudomonas aeruginosa |
| Thiobacillus ferooxidans | I-Falvobacterium aquatile |
| I-Rodospirillum rubrum | I-Azotobacter chroococcum |
| IChloroflexus aurantiacus | I-Neisseria gonorrhaea |
| I-Enterobacter aerogenes | Umkhuhlane we-Haemophilus |
| Serratia marcescens | Yersinia enterocolitica |
| Salmonella typhi | I-Staphylococcus aureus |
Ukubaluleka
I- amagciwane Zinokubaluleka okukhulu emvelweni, ngoba zikhona kumjikelezo wemvelo wezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni: i-nitrogen, i-carbon, i-phosphorus, isulfure, njll.
Kwangathi shintsha okuphilayo kube izinto ezingaphili futhi okuphambene nalokho. Ngenkathi amabhaktheriya amaningi eyi-pathogenic futhi edala izifo ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni (kubandakanya nabantu).
Amanye amaningi asetshenziswa kokuhlukahlukene izinqubo zezimboni, njengoba ukucubungula ukudla neziphuzo utshwala izidakamizwa, kusuka ama-antibiotic, njll.
Izici
I- amagciwane Zincane kakhulu futhi ngaphandle kolwelwesi oluvala i-cytoplasm yazo kunesakhiwo esibizwa ngodonga lweseli. Ngokwangaphandle ngaphandle, amanye amabhaktheriya akha isakhiwo esifana nejeli esibizwa iphilisi.
Amagciwane akhiqiza ngokuzikhethela kanambambili futhi ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke maningi kakhulu. Ngenxa yemetabolism yabo ehlukahlukene kakhulu, bangaphumelela ezindaweni ezingenakubalwa ezinjenge:
- Amanzi amnandi futhi anosawoti
- Izinto eziphilayo
- Phansi
- Izithelo nezinhlamvu
- Izimila
- Izilwane, ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwazo
Amagciwane amaningi ahlangana ndawonye ukwakha ngazimbili, amaketanga noma amaphakheji; zivame ukuhamba; i-flagellum (uhlobo olunesithasiselo eside) yisakhiwo esivame ukufaka isandla ekuhambeni, kepha hhayi kuphela. Iqoqo lamagciwane kusiko libizwa ngokuthi ikoloni.
Landela nge:
- Izibonelo ze-Gram Positive ne-Gram Negative Bacteria
- Izibonelo zezinto ezingama-Unicellular
- Izibonelo zezinto eziphilayo zeProkaryotic ne-Eukaryotic
