Amagesi anobuthi

-Delile

• Izibonelo zamagesi anobuthi

I-amagesi anobuthi Ziyizinto eziguqukayo, ezinemvelo, zokuxhumana okubuthakathaka kwamangqamuzana nokwanda okuphezulu komzimba, ukuxhumana kwawo nomzimba womuntu kuyacasula, kuyingozi noma kuyabulala. Okuningi kungumkhiqizo we- ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuyinhloko, ngokuzithandela noma cha, futhi imvamisa futhi iyasha, izihlanganisi noma konakalisa, ngakho ukuphatha kwayo kudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Ngokwomphumela wazo emzimbeni nasetshenzisweni kwawo, angahlukaniswa njenge: ukuphelelwa umoya, ukucasula, ukuxubana, okufuywayo, okwemvelo kanye nokulwa nempi.

Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo Zento Eyonakalisayo

Izibonelo zamagesi anobuthi

1. I-Carbon monoxide (CO). Enye yamafomu anobuthi kakhulu we namachibi ikhabhoni, igesi engenambala engenza ukuthi umuntu abulawe lapho ehogela inqwaba. Kuyigesi evamile emhlabeni wezimboni: kungumphumela wezinjini zomlilo nokushisa kwe ama-hydrocarbon nezinye izinto eziphilayo.
2. Isulfure dioxide (SO₂). Irhasi ecasulayo, engenambala, enephunga elithile futhi encibilikayo emanzini, iba yi-asidi: lokhu kuyindlela okwenzeka ngayo ngaphakathi umkhathi ongcolile futhi ikhiqiza imvula eneasidi. Imvamisa ikhishwa njengomkhiqizo womlilo wasezimbonini, yize ixhumana nehlelo lokuphefumula ikhiqiza ukucasuka okukhulu ne-bronchitis.
3. Igesi yesinaphi. Umndeni wamakhemikhali acasula kakhulu asetshenziswa njengezikhali zempi (okokuqala ngo-1915, eMpini Yezwe I). Ingelashwa ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene: izinayinithi ze-nitrogen noma iziyadi zesulfure. Ukuthintana nazo kubangela amabhamuza kanye nezilonda esikhunjeni noma kolwelwesi lwamafinyila futhi ekugcineni kuholele ekucineni kabuhlungu.
4. Isifutho sopelepele. Yaziwa nangokuthi igesi wezinyembezi, iyakwazi ukukhiqiza ukucasula okulingene futhi okubuhlungu kwe-mucosa ye-ocular neyokuphefumula, kanye nobumpumputhe besikhashana. Isetshenziswa njengendlela yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu noma ekusakazeni imiboniso.
5. U-Lewisite. Ikhemikhali yokwenziwa enobuthi enobuthi kakhulu yasungulwa yimboni yempi yaseMelika phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala neyesibili. Lapho uhogela, kubangela ukushisa okubuhlungu, ukukhwehlela, ukuhlanza, ikhala eligijimayo kanye ne-edema yamaphaphu.
6. Ozone. Lo gesi utholakala ngokwemvelo emkhathini, usivikele emisebeni yelanga. Akuvamile endaweni yansuku zonke. Ukuvezwa kwe-ozone kudala ukucasuka ohlelweni lokuphefumula kanye nezimpendulo zokuvuvukala komzimba. Ekugxileni okuphezulu kungadala i-cyanosis, ukukhathala ngokweqile nokuhluleka kwezinso.
7. IMethane (CH₄). I-alkane hydrocarbon elula kunazo zonke igesi evuthayo futhi engaba nesifutho, engenambala, engenaphunga, engancibiliki emanzini. Ezingxenyeni eziphezulu ingaminyaniswa ngokususa umoya-mpilo emvelweni.
8. IButane (C₄H₁₀). Enye i-hydrocarbon evutha kalula futhi eshintshashintshayo, evame ukusingathwa ekhaya nangokwengezwa kwezimpawu ezinuka kamnandi, ukuze kutholakale ukuvuza kwayo, ngoba ayinaphunga. Kungenzeka ukuthi iyancipha. Ikhiqiza ukozela, ukubona izinto ezingekho kahle nokulahlekelwa ukwazi lapho uhogela.
9. Umusi womlilo. Yaziwa njengamagesi ahlanganisiwe, njengoba aqukethe inhlanganisela eyahlukahlukene yamagesi acasulayo nacinayo, kuya ngohlobo lwezinto ezisetshenziswe emlilweni. Yimbangela enkulu yokufa emlilweni, inikezwe imiphumela yayo ebanzi emzimbeni: ukuminyana, ukucasuka okukhulu, i-necrosis, i-cyanosis, njll.
10. I-cyyanide(CN-). Ingenye yezinto ezinobuthi kakhulu ezaziwayo futhi ezinomphumela osheshayo obulalayo. Ngendlela yayo enegesi, inephunga lesici (elifana nama-chestnut), umkhawulo wayo wokuthola osondele kakhulu ekubulaleni. Imiphumela yakhona ivimbela ukuphefumula kwamaselula, futhi imvamisa iholela ekuboshweni kwenhliziyo.
11. I-diatomic chlorine (Cl₂). Eyaziwa njenge-dichloro, igesi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephuzi, enephunga elinamandla futhi elingathandeki futhi elinobuthi obuphakeme kakhulu. Yayisetshenziswa njengesikhali sempi eMpini Yezwe I, ngenxa yemiphumela yayo ye-pneumotoxic ekugxileni okuphakathi. Isetshenziswa embonini yamakhemikhali nezinto zokwakha, kanye nakwamanye ama-solvent asendlini.
12. Ama-nitrogen oxideMina(N₂NOMA). Ebizwa nangokuthi igesi ehlekayo, ayinambala, iphunga elimnandi, futhi inobuthi kancane. Ayikwazi ukutsha noma ukuqhuma, futhi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha nokubulala izinzwa.
13. I-Phosphogen (COCl₂). Ugesi onobuthi, osetshenziswa njengezibulala-zinambuzane nokufakwa embonini yamapulasitiki, awunakubala noma uthathe ifu elimhlophe noma eliphuzi. Ayitholakali ngokwemvelo noma kuphi, ayinakokhela umlilo, futhi inephunga elibi. Kuyacasula kakhulu futhi kuyancipha.
14. I-ammonia (NH₃). Ebizwa nangokuthi i-ammonium gas, ayinambala futhi inephunga elibi kakhulu nelisobuntu. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene zabantu, yize iyimbangela futhi ingcolisa kakhulu. Umzimba womuntu uyakwazi ukuwucubungula nge-Urea Cycle uphinde uwukhiphe emchameni, kepha uma uphendula ngamanye amakhompiyutha unobuthi futhi uvutha kakhulu.
15. I-Helium (H). Igesi iMonatomic ekhombisa okuningi kwe- izindawo ezinhle zegesiAyinambala futhi ayinaphunga, iningi kakhulu ngoba ukusabela kwezinkanyezi kukhiqiza kusuka ku-hydrogen. Lapho ihogela, iguqula ijubane lokusakazwa komsindo, okuholela kumaphimbo aphezulu futhi asheshayo, kepha ukugxila kakhulu kungathatha indawo yomoya-mpilo futhi kubangele ukufuthelana. Akuyona into enobuthi ngayinye.
16. I-Argon (Ar). Elinye lamagesi ahloniphekile, angenambala futhi angenalutho, angasebenzi futhi angahambisi kahle ukushisa, asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini kagesi. I-asphyxiant elula, enobuthi bayo obuxhomeke ekwehleni komoya-mpilo emvelweni, ngakho-ke kudinga ukugxila okuphezulu kuwo.
17. I-formaldehyde (CH₂NOMA). Igesi engenambala enephunga elimnandi kakhulu, okwenziwa ngalo i-formaldehyde, ukuze kugcinwe izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. I-carcinogen eyaziwayo futhi iyacasula uhlelo lokuphefumula.
18. I-Fluorine (F). Amandla kagesi futhi asebenza kakhulu kuzo zonke izakhi, aqukethe igesi eliphuzi elimpofu nephunga elibi, elinamandla okubopha i-zinc ne-iodine elenza libe nobuthi kakhulu, elikwazi ukuphazamisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwezinhlelo zokufunda, inkumbulo, i-hormonal, namathambo namandla omzimba womuntu.
19. I-Acrolein(C₃H₄NOMA). Yize iwuketshezi esimweni sayo semvelo, ivutha kakhulu futhi ihwamuke ngokushesha lapho ifudunyezwa, ikhiqize igesi ecasula uhlelo lokuphefumula, imiphumela yayo enobuthi engazange ifundwe kahle, kepha ikhomba ukulimala kwamaphaphu ngokulingene.
20. Isikhutha (CO₂). Umphumela wemvelo wokuphefumula nokuningi izinqubo zomlilo, ikwazi ukuminyaniswa ukufuduswa kwama-molecule e-oxygen, kusinda kunomoya futhi kungashisi kakhulu. Ayinaphunga futhi ayinambala.

Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo Zokungcola Komoya