A isakhi samakhemikhali yi into ebangelwa ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhi zamakhemikhali ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezixhunyiwe ngaphansi kokuhlelwa okuthile nangokulinganiswa okuthile. Yingakho kunezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezingenakubalwa; ngisho nokuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili noma ezintathu zama-athomu. Ukuhlanganisa i-carbon, oksijini, nama-athomu e-hydrogen, ngokwesibonelo, kwakha izinhlanganisela ezahlukahlukene njenge ushukela, glycogen kanye ne- umakhalekhukhwini.
Njengoba kunamakhemikhali amaningi kakhulu, kujwayelekile ukuwahlanganisa ngandlela thile ukuze akwazi ukuwafunda. Amanye amaqembu amakhulu amakhemikhali okungaphili kungosawoti, ama-oxide, ama-asidi; ngaphakathi kwe- organic i amaprotheni, ama-carbohydrate, ama-nucleic acid kanye ne- amafutha.
I- izakhiwo zamakhemikhali awafani nalezo zezakhi ezizakhayo. Isakhi ngasinye sinegama lamakhemikhali (eliphendula emithethweni ethile yokuqamba amagama) nefomula, amanye amakhemikhali athola igama elihle, njenge-aspirin (eyi-acetyl salicylic acid). Amagama amahle awusizo ikakhulukazi lapho i-molecule inkulu futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, ngoba kuba nzima ukuyibiza ngokuyichaza ngamagama amakhemikhali.
I- ifomula yamakhemikhali Ikhombisa ukuthi yiziphi izakhi eziyibhalayo nokuthi mangaki ama-athomu ngayinye eliqukethe. Kungakho amafomula enezinhlamvu, okuyizimpawu zamakhemikhali zezinto, nezinombolo ezilandela uphawu ngalunye endaweni yokubhaliselwe, ekhombisa inani lama-athomu. Esakhiweni samakhemikhali esinikeziwe onke ama-molecule alo ayafana.
I- izixhumanisi ezibamba ama-athomu ngaphakathi kwe-molecule ndawonye zingaba yi-covalent noma i-ionic. Izici zekhompiyutha zixhomeke, ngokwengxenye, ngohlobo lwebhondi. Iphuzu lokubilisa nokuncibilika, ukuncibilika, i-viscosity, kanye nobukhulu, ngokwesibonelo, ngezinye zezinto ezibonakalayo zomzimba wamakhemikhali.
Kubuye kukhulunywe ngezinye izikhathi izakhiwo zebhayoloji yamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezokwelapha nakwezokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, amanye amakhemikhali anezinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala, ezinye i-antipyretic, i-vasodilator, i-relaxant yemisipha, i-antibiotic, i-antifungal, njll. Ukwazi izakhiwo zamakhemikhali amakhemikhali kuyadingeka ukwenza ucwaningo nezilinganiso eziningi.
Nalu uhlu lwezibonelo zamakhemikhali (ngamakhemikhali abo noma ngamagama amahle)
- Saccharose
- I-Glycerol
- I-sodium hypochlorite
- I-nitrate yesiliva
- I-calcium carbonate
- I-sulphate yethusi
- I-potassium permanganate
- I-nitric acid
- I-Nitroglycerine
- I-insulini
- I-Phosphatidylcholine
- I-Acetic acid
- I-folic acid
- Uvithamini D
- Lysine
- I-Putrescine
- I-potassium iodide
- I-superphosphate kathathu
- IPentachlorophenol
- IHemoglobin
