Izibonelo Ezingu-10 Zezinto Ezenziwe Nge-Ductile - Encyclopedia

Ividiyo: Update on the Freak Chilli Plant! Chilli Garden update (s22e04)

-Delile

Izibonelo zezinto ze-ductile
Bangakukhonza

I- izinto ze-ductile Yilezo ezikwazi ukwenza ipulasitiki nokusimama okusimeme, ngaphandle kokwephula noma ukwephula ukwakheka kwayo, lapho kubhekene nomsebenzi oqhubekayo wamandla. Eqinisweni, isici sazo ukuthi ngokusebenzisa imicu noma imicu eqinile yobude besikhathi eside kodwa imvelo efanayo iyatholakala.

Izinto ze-Ductile ziphambene ngqo ne- izinto eziqhekekile. Kepha akufanele badidaniswe izinto ezithambile.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi izinto ze-ductile azikwazi ukuphuka; empeleni, bayakwenza, kepha ngemuva kokuhlushwa ngendlela embi. Futhi akusho ukuthi izinto ze-ductile zithambile; amandla adingekayo ekuguqulweni kwawo ayabonakala, futhi lapho kubhekene namandla abuthakathaka kanjalo nokushintsha kwawo kokuma, kuvame ukunwebeka futhi kubuyiselwe emuva.

I- ukusonteka kwezinto zokwenziwa kwe-ductile, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingakhuphuka lapho kukhona kushisa, ngaphandle kokufinyelela emaphethelweni e- kuncibilikisiwe, futhi ilinganiswa ngokungaqondile ngokuqina, ikakhulukazi ezinsimbi. Lezi zamuva yizinto ezijwayeleke kakhulu ze-ductile, ngoba ama-athomu Zilungiselelwe ngendlela yokuthi zingashelela ngaphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela zivumele ukukhiqizwa kwezintambo nemicu yobukhulu obuhlukile.

Izinto zokwenziwa kwe-Ductile zenani ku- umkhakha we-metallurgical nowokwenza amathuluzinjengoba bengathatha ubujamo obuthile ngaphambi kokwephula. Kodwa-ke, ukuphikelela okuphindaphindwayo kuzoholela ku ukukhathala insimbi nokwephuka kwayo, okufakazelwa ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa endaweni lapho kuthinteka khona amandla okukhubazeka.

Izibonelo zezinto ze-ductile

Insimbi. Ebizwa nangokuthi i-iron futhi imelwe wuphawu lwamakhemikhali i-Fe, iyinto yesine eningi kakhulu kuqweqwe lomhlaba, futhi eningi kakhulu ngobuningi beplanethi ngoba umgogodla weplanethi wenziwe nge-iron ne-nickel ku isimo ketshezi, okuthi lapho unyakaza ukhiqize amandla kazibuthe amakhulu. Kuyinsimbi empunga, ebumbekayo enezici zikazibuthe nobulukhuni obukhulu nobuningi. Ngakho-ke, esimweni sayo esimsulwa, lesi samuva siyakuvimbela ukuthi sisebenziseke, ngakho-ke sihlanganiswa nekhabhoni ukuthola umndeni wezinsimbi, okungathi ngokwenani lalesi sici esikhona kungaba ne-ductile engaphezulu noma engaphansi futhi engazweli kakhulu.
Izingodo. Kuyinto yokwakheka kwendalo ngokweqile, kuya ngemvelo yayo namaphesenti omswakama akhona kuyo, kanye nendawo yamafindo ayiqukethe. Kodwa-ke, njengoba inemicu, ingavulwa kalula ngamabutho acishe afane nokusanhlamvu kwayo.
Insimbi. Leli gama libizwa nge ingxube yensimbi nekhabhoni (kufika ku-2.14%) okhiqiza into eqinile ne-ductile, ikakhulukazi ihlanganiswe ne-boron ukwakha izintambo zobulukhuni obungaphezulu kanye ne-ductility ephezulu kakhulu, noma ngensimbi kathayela esetshenziswa emkhakheni wezokwakha. Lokhu kwenza kube kuhle ukumelana nezisindo ngaphandle kokuqhekeka kokhonkolo, kepha kuvumele ukukhubazeka okuncane ngokusho kobukhulu besisindo.
Izinki. IZinc (Zn), into ebalulekile empilweni, kuyo isimo esimsulwa Ine-ductility ephezulu nokungathambeki kahle, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuyigoqa ibe ngamashidi, ukungezwani nokuyikhubaza, kepha ukutholakala kokungcoliswa okuncane okuvela kwezinye izinto kwanele ukuyenza ibe brittle futhi ithambe. Kubalulekile kuma-alloys afana nalawo akhiqizwa ngethusi.
Umholi. Le nsimbi yensimbi yetafula lezikhathi ezithile, enophawu Pb, yayingaziwa ngaleso sikhathi njengensimbi ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okukhulu kwamangqamuzana. Iyinsimbi esindayo, empunga, eguquguqukayo futhi encibilika kalula. Isetshenziswa namuhla njengesembozo sekhebula, ngoba i-ductility yayo eyingqayizivele iyenza ifaneleke ngokweqile, njengoba inganwetshwa ukuze ihambisane nezidingo okumele zimbozwe.
Ithusi. I-Copper (70%) ne-zinc (30%) ingxubevange, ebonakala ngophawu lwayo oluphakeme kakhulu olwenza kube yinto ekahle yokwenziwa kweziqukathi neziqukathi, kanye namathuluzi angadingi ubulukhuni obedlulele. Kuhlanganiswe nethini kuyenza imelane ne- i-oxide ne-saltpeter, ngaphandle kokuthamba kalula.
Iplastiki. I-ductile kakhulu, lokhu okwenziwe ngepulasitiki okwenziwe nge-calcium, i-petroleum jelly kanye ne-aliphatic compounds, kwasungulwa ngo-1880. Imvamisa yenziwa ngemibala futhi ihlotshaniswa nomhlaba wokufunda kwezingane, ibonakala ngamandla ayo okukhubazeka ngaphandle kokuphula, ivumela umsebenzi wayo olula ngezandla., okokusebenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lobuso.
Ithusi. ICopper (Cu) iyinsimbi egqamile ebomvu eguqukayo, ehambisana negolide nesiliva abashayeli abangcono ugesi wensimbi.Ngalesi sizathu, kuyinsimbi ekhethwayo lapho kwakhiwa amakhebuli kagesi kanye nezinto zombili zikagesi neze-elekthronikhi, ngoba futhi kuyonga, kulula futhi kube yi-ductile.
IPlatinamu. Le nsimbi esindayo, ethambile futhi ethambile e-grey-white ishintsha ukwaziswa kobucwebe kanye namalabhorethri njengokumelana nokubola nokuyigugu emvelweni. Kuyinsakavukela ukuthola iplathinamu (Pt) kwizithasiselo ezisetshenziswayo zezimoto, oxhumana nabo bakagesi nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzisa ukumelana kwayo.
I-aluminium. I-Aluminium (Al) yinto engeyona eye-ferromagnetic metallic element futhi eyesithathu evame kakhulu kuqweqwe lomhlaba. Isetshenziswa kakhulu kufayela le- umkhakha okokusebenza, yize kungakhishwa njengensimbi kuphela kwi-bauxite, ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezifana neziphansi ukuminyana, ukuqhutshwa okuphezulu kokushisa nogesi, ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu, izindleko zokonga kanye nokutholakala. Ngalesi sizathu kube yinsimbi esetshenziswe kakhulu, kanye nensimbi, ngekhulu lama-20. Yize ukuthambeka kwayo okungokwemvelo kungabonakali ngokweqile, kuma-alloys esisekelo lo mlingiswa uyaqiniswa, kanye nokumelana kwawo nengcindezi nokugqwala, imvamisa ngokufakwa kweSilicon (5 kuye ku-12%) ne-magnesium.