Ukungcola Kwamanzi Okukhulu (Izibonelo) - Encyclopedia

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Ama-hydrocarbon
Ukukhishwa emadolobheni
Izinto zokwakha
Izinto zezolimo nodoti
Ukukhishwa okuvela ezitshalweni zamandla
Ukuthungwa kwemayini
Imfucuza eqinile yezentengiselwano
Imfucumfucu enemisebe
Imfucuza yamakhemikhali yezimboni
Izinto ezikhiqiza imvula eneasidi
Imininingwane engaphezulu?

I- ukungcoliswa kwamanzi noma Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi kubhekisa ekuguqulweni kwezakhi zayo zamakhemikhali, imvamisa umkhiqizo oqondile noma ongaqondile wezinto ezenziwa ngabantu, okwenza kungakulungeli ukusetshenziswa yizilwane nabantu, futhi nokusetshenziselwa ukuzithokozisa, izimboni, ezolimo kanye nokudoba.

Kunemithombo eminingi engcolisayo evimbezele imifula njengamanje, izilwandle namachibi, ngisho namanzi emvula, nalokho okungalinganisi imijikelezo yezinto eziphilayo okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwawo, okuholela ekuqothulweni, ekuguqulweni kwezakhi zofuzo, kokufuduka nasekulimaleni okungenakulungiseka kwemvelo, nakho okubandakanya omunye umonakalo wesibili wezemvelo.

Kunezinhlelo eziningi zokulwa nazo Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, kodwa awanele ukujova nsuku zonke kwezinto ezingcolisayo esizithumela emhlabeni.

Ingakusebenzela: 12 Izibonelo Zokungcola Komoya

Ama-hydrocarbon

Hhayi nje ukuchitheka kukawoyela okukhulu nokumangazayo, izinhlekelele zemvelo izinombolo eziphelele ezibulala izilwane, izitshalo kanye ama-microorganisms ngokufanayo, kodwa futhi nokukhishwa okuncane kukadizili, udizili, owoyela namanye amafutha Izakhi zePetroleum esetshenziswa ekuthuthweni kwezimoto zasolwandle, yenza ukuba khona kwabo kuzwakale kubhalansi lwamakhemikhali emanzini, kusukela ekwethulweni kwezinto ezinobungozi okunzima ukuqeda ngazo amaketanga biotic izilwandle ezijwayelekile.

Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo Zezinhlekelele Zemvelo

Ukukhishwa emadolobheni

Zonke iziphuzo esizilahla ezindlini zethu ngomsele, kungekudala, zizongena emifuleni noma olwandle. Ngalowo mqondo, indlela yethu yokuphila yansuku zonke iphonsa amathani udoti wemvelo, izincibilikisi zezimboni, izinto zokuhlanza amakhemikhali namafutha abathengi, okuvame ukungalingani i uchungechunge lokudla kwezolwandle, ukukhuthaza ukwanda kwezinhlobo ezithile kunezinye, noma ukubola kwazo kuphefumula amanzi, kuvimbele ukukhiqizwa kohlobo olubuthakathaka.

Izinto zokwakha

Izimboni zokwakha nezosimende zivame ukulahla imfucuza emanzini (ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlanza noma zokulahla imfucuza), okuholela ekumisweni kwezinto ezinobuthi (izinsimbi, izimpushana ezicinene) emanzini, ziguqule kancane kancane amazinga we-pH nokuzenza zingahambelani kangako nempilo.

Izinto zezolimo nodoti

Iningi lemfucuza evela embonini yezolimo nemfuyo iphonswa emifuleni, eholela olwandle. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto eziphilayo, umquba osele, futhi kaningi ama-pesticides, ama-pesticides kanye nama-agrochemicals wemvelo enobuthi, angena emanzini angaphansi komhlaba noma akhukhulwe yimvula abese efaka ushevu emanzini. Eziningi zalezi zinto zitholakala ngaphakathi kwezinhlanzi nezimbaza esizidla ngokuthokoza.

Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo Zokungcola Komhlabathi

Ukukhishwa okuvela ezitshalweni zamandla

Amanzi athathwa yizitshalo zokukhiqiza ugesi ngokuvamile asezingeni lokushisa ngaphandle kwalawo olwandle noma emifula. Lapho la manzi ebuyela enkambweni yawo, izinga lokushisa eliphelele lalawo mazwe liyahlukahluka, kubangela ukulimala kwemvelo ezinhlotsheni ezincike ngqo ekushiseni kwamanzi, nangokungaqondile kulabo abazondlayo.

Ukuthungwa kwemayini

Imvamisa kubangelwa imisebenzi yezimayini engekho emthethweni futhi ngenxa yalokho kunzima ukuyilawula, kuchitheka emifuleni ye-mercury nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa ekukhishweni kwamaminerali ayigugu zinomthelela omubi ezilwaneni nasezimifineni zendawo, ngaphezu kokubanga ukonakala kwenhlabathi nokugawulwa ngokungakhethi, imisebenzi ejwayelekile kule ndawo yezimboni engekho emthethweni.

Imfucuza eqinile yezentengiselwano

Iningi lezinto esizilahlayo ziya olwandle noma emachibini, lapho iba yingozi ku- izilwane nezimbali yendawo, ngenxa yamakhemikhali noma izakhiwo zayo. Izinsimbi, ngokwesibonelo, zixhuma amanzi emanzini bese zisabela ngokuguqula ibhalansi yamakhemikhali, kanti ipulasitiki, okunzima ukuyilahla, iyanqwabelana futhi ivame ukungena emzimbeni wezinhlanzi, izimfudu nezinyoni, kubangele ukufa.

Imfucumfucu enemisebe

Iphuzu elikhulu elibhekene nezitshalo zamandla enuzi ukuthi zikhiqiza okokusebenza okunemisebe eyingozi kakhulu empilweni ngazo zonke izinhlobo zayo nokuthi kungatholakala emigqonyeni yomthofu kuphela. Eziningi zazo bese zikhishelwa emanzini olwandle olujulile noma emiseleni yolwandle, lapho umjikelezo we namachibi Idedela ukuhola kumthofu ngaphambi kokuba impilo yayo esebenzayo iphele, isabalalisa ukusebenza kwemisebe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zasendaweni.

Imfucuza yamakhemikhali yezimboni

Iningi lezinqubo zokukhiqiza nokuthengwa kwempahla, ikhiqiza izinto ezikhishelwa emfuleni noma emachibini, lapho liphendula ngezindlela ezingalawulwa nezingalindelekile nezindawo zokuhlala zasendaweni, likwazi ukungcolisa ngisho ngokungaqondile izakhamizi ngezinto ezinomdlavuza, ezinobuthi kakhulu noma limane nje libhubhise ibhalansi yamakhemikhali yendawo.

Izinto ezikhiqiza imvula eneasidi

Ukungcola komoya namanzi kuholela esimweni semvula eneasidi, lapho izinto ezinobuthi zihambisana namanzi kumjikelezo wawo noma zihlanganiswe kuwo emkhathini bese zigeleza kanye namaconsi emvula, zonakalise impilo yezinhlobo zasendaweni futhi kaningi ezinabantu .