-Delile
I-ukusabalala kanye ne-osmosis yizinto ezibonakala ngokusatshalaliswa kwe- ama-molecule yomzimba komunye umzimba oxhumana nalowo wokuqala noma ohlukanisiwe, kepha ngophakathi lwe-semiplasmic. Lokhu okungenzeka okubili yikho kanye okuvula ukwahlukana phakathi kwalezi zinqubo ezimbili.
Kuyini ukusakaza?
Yi- ukusakazeka ukuxubana kwama-molecule kwenzeka, ngenxa yokunyakaza okushayela Amandla we-Kinetic. Imizimba iyaxhumana lapho ama-molecule esatshalaliswa, esimweni esichazwe yi inkolelo ye-kinetic yendaba.
Le nhlangano yenzeka kunoma isiphi isimo sendaba, kepha ibonwa kalula uma kwenzeka uketshezi. Ukuthambekela kokunyakaza kubheke ekwakhiweni kwenhlanganisela efanayo yezinhlobo ezimbili zama-molecule.
Usosayensi U-Adolf fick eyasungulwa ngo-1855 eminye imithetho enegama lakhe, futhi ichaza amacala ahlukahlukene okusabalaliswa kwendaba ngendlela lapho ekuqaleni kungekho khona ukulingana. Le mithetho ihlobanisa ukuqina kwamamolekyuli nomehluko ekugxileni phakathi kwemidiya emibili ehlukaniswe ulwelwesi, ukungalingani kwayo nokwanda kolwelwesi.
Okulandelayo, ezinye izimo zokusabalalisa amaseli zizoboniswa.
Izibonelo zokwanda
- Ukudlula komoya-mpilo ku-alveoli yamaphaphu.
- Imizwa yezinzwa, efaka i-sodium ne-potassium ion ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lwama-axon.
- Uma i-diffuser pair eyenziwe ngezinsimbi ezimbili ezihlanganiswe ebusweni babo ithathwa, futhi izinga lokushisa lilethwa ngaphansi kwephuzu lokuncibilika, kuzoqinisekiswa ukuthi ukwakheka kushintshile: ama-athomu we-nickel ancibilikile ngasethusi.
- Ukufudumala nombala ushintsho lwenkomishi yekhofi lapho kufakwa ingxenye enhle yobisi olubandayo.
- Ukungena kweglucose kumaseli abomvu egazi, avela emathunjini.
- Esikhumulweni semifula, kunokusakazeka okuncane kakhulu kwamanzi omfula ageleza ngaphezu kwamanzi olwandle.
- Uma ufaka isipuni sikashukela engilazini yamanzi, ama-molecule e-sucrose asakazeka emanzini.
- Ukusabalala kwamagesi kungabonakala lapho umuntu onamakha engena endaweni evaliwe, futhi wonke umuntu ngokushesha uyalizwa iphunga. Kwenzeka okufanayo lapho othile ebhema endlini.
Kuyini i-osmosis?
Isici esiyinhloko solwelwesi olungenakugwenywa olunikeza inqubo ye osmosis ukuthi ivumela ukudlula kwe-solvent, kepha hhayi i-solute: iqukethe izimbotshana zosayizi wamangqamuzana ezinikeza lezi zici.
Ngale ndlela, kuyabonakala ukuthi i-solvent ivame ukudlula kulwelwesi isiqonde esixazululweni ukugxila kwaso kuphakeme, okugcina kukhiqize ukuthi inani le-solvent liyakhuphuka engxenyeni egxile kakhulu futhi liyancipha engxenyeni engagxilile kakhulu. Le yinqubo ephindaphindwayo kuze kube yilapho ingcindezi ye-hydrostatic ibhalansa umkhuba.
Ngoba kubalulekile?
Ukuncibilika kwe-solute ku-solvent kanye nohlobo lwe-membrane oluzosetshenziswa yizici eziyisisekelo ezinquma ukusebenza kwenqubo ye-osmotic: lokho okubizwa ngokuthi 'ukuncibilika' kunqunywa yizibopho zamakhemikhali ezinikezwa yingxenye ngayinye yesisombululo .
Inqubo ye-osmotic ibalulekile kuzinqubo zebhayoloji lapho amanzi kungukuncibilika kuphela, ikakhulukazi kulezo zinqubo ezihlose ukugcina ibhalansi yamanzi ne-electrolyte ezintweni eziphilayo, elawula amazinga wamanzi esitokisini noma emzimbeni ngokujwayelekile: ngaphandle kwale nqubo, bekungeke kube khona ukulawulwa uketshezi nokumuncwa kwezakhi.
Izibonelo zenqubo ye-osmosis
- Izinto eziphilayo ezineseli elilodwa ezihlala emanzini ahlanzekile zingena emanzini amaningi nge-osmosis.
- Ukumuncwa kwamanzi yizimpande ezintweni zezitshalo, okuvumela ukukhula, kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa into yalolu hlobo.
- Ukuthola amanzi kumaseli we-epithelial ngamathumbu amakhulu kuyinqubo enjalo.
- Isivivinyo esivamile se-osmosis siqukethe ukuhlukanisa amazambane, ukubeka ushukela omncane ngamanzi kolunye uhlangothi, kanye nepuleti elinamanzi ngakolunye. Amazambane asebenza njengolwelwesi, futhi emva kwesikhashana kuzobonakala ukuthi isisombululo esasinoshukela manje sesinoketshezi oluningi.
- Ihomoni i-ADH evumela ukubuyiselwa kwamanzi kabusha ngomsele wokuqoqa ezinso.
- Ukuqedwa komchamo ohlanjululwe kakhulu lapho izinhlanzi zikhipha khona uketshezi oluningi ngokulahlekelwa okuncane kasawoti.
- Ukuqedwa kwamanzi ngokujuluka kubantu kwenziwa nge-osmosis.
- Izihlungi zokuhlanza ukusebenza kwamanzi nge-osmosis, ngoba zenziwa ngento evumela ukudlula kwamanzi, kepha hhayi ama-molecule amakhulu.
