-Delile
I- Amazinga wekhwalithi yimithetho, imihlahlandlela noma izici a umkhiqizo noma insizakalo (noma imiphumela yayo) ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yayo.
I- ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo noma isevisi Kuchazwa njengokuhlanganiswa kwazo zombili izici zobunjiniyela nezokukhiqiza ezinquma izinga lokwaneliseka okutholwa yilo mkhiqizo noma isevisi kumthengi. Yize kwabanye ababhali ikhwalithi ingumphumela wokusebenzisana phakathi kwezici ezizimele nezinhloso, amazinga ekhwalithi abhekana nezici zenhloso.
Izici zomkhiqizo odingwa ngamazinga ekhwalithi zingahluka kakhulu: imfuneko yomzimba noma yamakhemikhali, usayizi othile, ingcindezi noma izinga lokushisa, njll. Ikhwalithi inikezwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu zomqondo eziningi, ezinjengokwethenjelwa, okuhlala isikhathi eside, okuwusizo, okusebenzayo, njll.
I- Amazinga wekhwalithi zingabhekisa ezicini ezahlukahlukene zekhwalithi: ukwakheka, ikhonkodensi (phakathi kwalokho okudizayinelwe nokukhiqizwayo), kuyasetshenziswa, kusevisi yangemva kokuthengisa.
Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo Zamazinga(imvamisa)
izinhloso
Izinhloso zamazinga ekhwalithi yilezi:
- Chaza ubuncane bezici zento: Isibonelo, ukuze umakhalekhukhwini uthathwe njenge-Smartphone kufanele uhlangabezane nezici ezithile.
- Hlanganisa imikhiqizo, kanye nezinqubo nedatha ephathelene nayo: Ukuhlukaniswa kwemikhiqizo kusiza ukuhwebelana kwabo.
- Thuthukisa ukuphepha: Izindinganiso eziningi zekhwalithi zibhekisa ekuphepheni ekusetshenzisweni kwemikhiqizo
- Vikela izintshisekelo zabathengi: Ukulawulwa ngamazinga kuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ethengwe ngumthengi izophendula izidingo zabo
- Izindleko eziphansi: Ukunquma amazinga wokukhiqiza kwehlisa izindleko.
Ukusetshenziswa Nezinzuzo
I- Amazinga wekhwalithi Zingasetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene: izinto zokwakha (eminye imikhiqizo), imikhiqizo, imishini, izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphatha (ezemvelo, izingozi emsebenzini, ezokuphepha, ukuhlolwa), izinsizakalo nezinqubo.
I- Izinzuzo yamazinga wekhwalithi ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwezinkampani namakhasimende yilawa:
- Isiko lekhwalithi lenziwa ngaphakathi kwenkampani.
- Khulisa ukuzethemba kwamakhasimende.
- Ithuthukisa isithombe senkampani hhayi kuphela ezimakethe zasendaweni kepha nasezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele, ngoba ingxenye enkulu yamazinga ekhwalithi isabela kumingcele yamazwe omhlaba.
Kunezikhungo ezahlukahlukene zikazwelonke noma zamazwe omhlaba ezisungula amazinga ekhwalithi nokulawula ukuhambisana kwazo. Ezinye izibonelo yilezi:
- Ikomidi laseYurophu Lokumiswa Okujwayelekile (i-CEN, lesifunda)
- Ikomidi laseYurophu Lokumiswa Kwe-Electrotechnical (CENELEC, lesifunda)
- I-Argentine Institute for Rationalization of Materials (IRAM, kuzwelonke)
- Ikomidi le-AENOR Standardization: kuzwelonke, eSpain, kepha yathuthukisa amazinga we-UNE anokusebenza kwesifunda
- Amazinga Kagesi Womhlaba Wonke (i-IES, indinganiso yamazwe omhlaba yezinto zikagesi)
- Inhlangano Yonjiniyela WaseMelika: Imikhiqizo ehambisanayo yeSAE, Kazwelonke, Yezokwakha Nobunjiniyela
- I-American Iron and Steel Institutute: I-AISI, Kazwelonke, Imikhiqizo Yensimbi
- Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa: I-FDA, izwe (i-United States), umthethonqubo wokudla nezidakamizwa.
- I-International Organisation for Standardization: I-ISO, eyamazwe omhlaba, isebenza kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi ohlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwe- izimpahla noma izinsizakalo. Njengoba kunikezwe ububanzi bokusebenzisa, amazinga we-ISO aziwa kakhulu.
Izibonelo Zamazinga Ekhwalithi
Ohlwini olulandelayo siyaluveza zithini izindinganiso zekhwalithi isetshenziswe emikhakheni ehlukene nokuthi yiziphi izinhloso abaziphishekelayo:
- I-IRAM 4502: Kusetshenziswe emkhakheni wokudweba kwezobuchwepheshe. Nquma izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zolayini kucatshangelwa ukushuba, isilinganiso, ukumelwa nokusetshenziswa.
- I-IRAM 4504 (umdwebo wobuchwepheshe): inquma amafomethi, izinto zemifanekiso nokugoqwa kweshidi.
- I-IRAM 10005: Kusebenza ngemibala nezimpawu zokuphepha. Nquma imibala, izimpawu nezimpawu zokuphepha.
- IRAM 11603: Kusebenza kwisimo esishisayo sezakhiwo, kucatshangelwa izici zemvelo.
- Iso 9001: isebenza kuma-Quality Management Systems. Inkampani ehlangabezana naleli zinga ikhombisa ukuthi ihlangabezana nezimo ezidingekayo ukufeza ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.
- I-ISO 16949 (ebizwa nangokuthi i-ISO / TS 16949): ihlotshaniswa nezinga le-ISO 9001 njengoba icacisa izidingo ezithile zokukhiqizwa embonini yezimoto.
- I-ISO 9000: ingumphelelisi we-9001. Leli zinga linikeze ama-Quality Management Systems ulimi olufanayo, kanye nezisekelo zalo.
- I-ISO 9004- Kusebenza ekusebenzeni (ukufeza izinhloso) nokusebenza kahle (ukufeza izinhloso usebenzisa inani elincane lezinsizakusebenza) ekuphathweni kwekhwalithi.
- I-ISO 14000: kusebenza kumthelela womsebenzi wenkampani emvelweni.
- I-ISO 14001: ulawula izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwemvelo. Isungula ukuhambisana nomthetho wendawo ohlotshaniswa nokunakekelwa kwemvelo.
- I-ISO 14004: leli zinga liqondisa inkampani ekwakhiweni, ekusetshenzisweni, ekugcinweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo zokuphathwa kwemvelo, ngaphezu kokusebenzisana nezinye izinhlelo zokuphatha.
- I-ISO 17001: Kusho ukuhambisana kwemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo, okusho ukuthi, ukufaneleka kwazo. Lo mthetho-mithetho ukhombisa izidingo ezisezingeni eliphansi lomkhiqizo noma isevisi ngayinye.
- I-ISO 18000: bakhuluma ngemithethonqubo yezempilo nokuphepha emsebenzini.
- I-ISO 18001: ilawula Izinhlelo Zokulawulwa Kwezempilo Nokuphepha. Ngokubambisana namazinga e-ISO 9001 ne-ISO 14001 bakha uhlelo lokuphatha oluhlanganisiwe.
- I-ISO 18002: imihlahlandlela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-Health and Safety Management Systems.
- I-ISO 18003 (owaziwa nangokuthi i-OHSAS 18003): usungula izindlela ezidingekayo zokufaka ekucwaningweni kwamabhuku kwangaphakathi koHlelo Lokuphathwa Kwezokuphepha kanye Nokubingelela Emsebenzini.
- I-ISO 19011Kusebenza ekucwaningweni kwamabhuku kwangaphakathi hhayi kuphela okuhlobene nekhwalithi kepha futhi nomthelela wokukhiqiza emvelweni.
- I-ISO 22000: ilawula ama-Management Management Systems, okungukuthi, iqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla kufanelekile ukusetshenziswa komuntu. Akubhekisi kuzici zokunambitha noma zokubukeka kepha kubumsulwa bayo, okungukuthi, ukungabikho kwezingozi ekusetshenzisweni kwayo.
- I-ISO 26000: uqondisa ukwakhiwa, ukuqaliswa, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokwenza ngcono izinhlaka ezibhekele ezenhlalo.
- I-ISO 27001: isetshenziswa kuma-Information Security Management Systems, womabili ukugwema ubungozi nokwenza izinqubo zisebenze kangcono.
- I-ISO 28000- Kusebenza ekunikezeni ukuphathwa kwamaketanga.
- I-ISO 31000: uqondisa ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokulawulwa kobungozi, kucatshangelwa izidingo zemikhakha ehlukene.
- I-ISO 170001: ngamazinga aqinisekisa ukufinyeleleka kwendawo yonke. Izakhiwo nokuhamba okuhambisana naleli zinga kwenza ukufinyelela nokuhamba kwabantu ezihlalweni zabakhubazekile, noma izimpumputhe, njll.
- UNE 166000: kusebenza ekuphathweni kwe-R & D & i (igama elifingqiwe locwaningo, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusungula). Ibeka izincazelo namagama asetshenziswa amanye ama-UNE. (I-UNE 166003, 166004, 166005 kanye ne-166007 yachithwa)
- UNE 166001: inquma izidingo zamaphrojekthi ahlobene ne-R + D + i
- UNE 166002: kubhekiswa kuzinhlelo zokuphatha ze-R & D & i
- UNE 166006: yenza kucace izidingo zokuqapha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinhlelo zezobunhloli ezinokuncintisana
- UNE 166008: inquma izidingo ezidingekayo zezinqubo zokudlulisa ubuchwepheshe.
