Ukuguqulwa komzimba

-Delile

• Izibonelo ze-metamorphosis

I- ukuguqulwa komzimba kungukuguqulwa okungenakuguqulwa, into eyenzeka esimweni sezilwane ezithile. Sibona kwezinye izilwane ezifana nojekamanzi, uvemvane namaxoxo.

Lo mqondo usuthathwe yimiklamo yamasiko ehlukene. Isibonelo, izinganekwane nezinsumansumane zamasiko akude njengakudala wamaGrikhi nabantu baseMelika bangaphambi kweColombia, abalandisa ngokuguqulwa kwabantu noma onkulunkulu baba yizilwane noma izitshalo.

Imvamisa, izilwane ziba nezinguquko zokwakheka nezomzimba ngesikhathi sokukhula kombungu. Kepha yini eyenza izilwane ezihluphekayo zehluke ukuguqulwa komzimba, ukuthi lezi ziyashintsha ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Lezi zinguquko zehlukile kulezo ezenzeka ngenxa yokukhula (ushintsho ngosayizi nokwanda kwamaseli), ngoba kulezi, i- ushintsho lwenzeka ezingeni leselula. Lezi zinguquko ezinqala ku-physiognomy ngokuvamile futhi zisho ushintsho endaweni yokuhlala nasekuziphatheni kohlobo.

I-metamorphosis ingaba:

• I-Hemimetabolism: Umuntu uhamba ngezinguquko eziningana aze abe umuntu omdala. Azikho kulezi zigaba lapho kungasebenzi khona futhi ukuphakelwa kuhlala kungaguquguquki. Ezigabeni zokuvuthwa, abantu bafana nabantu abadala, ngaphandle kokungabikho kwamaphiko, usayizi, nokungavuthwa ngokocansi. Umuntu ezigabeni zobusha ubizwa ngokuthi yi-nymph.
• I-Holometabolism: Ibizwa nangokuthi i-metamorphosis ephelele. Umuntu ochamusela iqanda uhluke kakhulu komdala futhi ubizwa ngokuthi yisibungu. Kunesiteji se-pupal, okuyisigaba lapho singondli khona, futhi ngokuvamile asinyakazi, sifakwe kwikhava esivikela ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa kabusha kwezicubu nezitho zomzimba.

Izibonelo ze-metamorphosis

Ujekamanzi (hemimetabolism)

I-arthropods endizayo, enamaphiko amabili wamaphiko asobala. Aqanduselwa emaqandeni abekelwa insikazi eduze kwamanzi noma endaweni yasemanzini. Lapho zichanyuselwa emaqandeni, ojekamanzi bangama-nymphs, okusho ukuthi ayafana nabantu abadala kepha anezihlanganisi ezincane esikhundleni samaphiko, futhi ngaphandle kwama-gonads avuthiwe (izitho zokuzala).

Ziphila ngokudla izibungu zomiyane futhi zihlala ngaphansi kwamanzi. Baphefumula ngezinhlungu. Isigaba sesibungu singahlala phakathi kwezinyanga ezimbili neminyaka emihlanu, kuya ngohlobo. Lapho i-metamorphosis yenzeka, ujekamanzi uphuma emanzini bese eqala ukuphefumula esemoyeni. Ilahlekelwa isikhumba sayo, ivumele amaphiko ukuthi anyakaze. Idla izimpukane nomiyane.

I-jellyfish yenyanga

Lapho kuchanyuselwa eqandeni, i-jellyfish ngama-polyps, okungukuthi, abangelwa yindandatho yezintambo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuqongelelwa kweprotheni ebusika, ama-polyps aphenduka ama-jellyfish amadala entwasahlobo. Amaprotheni anqwabelene abangela uketshezi lwehomoni elenza ukuthi i-jellyfish ibe umuntu omdala.

Intethe (hemimetabolism)

Yisinambuzane esinezimpondo ezimfushane, ezidla imifino. Umuntu omdala unemilenze yangemuva enamandla evumela ukuba igxume. Ngendlela efanayo nojekamanzi, lapho bachamusela intethe iphenduka ibe yinyathi, kepha kulokhu babukeka njengabantu abadala.

Uvemvane (Holometabolism)

Lapho echamusela eqandeni, uvemvane luba sesibungwini, olubizwa ngokuthi yisibungu, futhi ludla izitshalo. Inhloko yamacimbi inezimpondo ezimbili ezincane nama-pair ayisithupha wamehlo. Umlomo awusetshenziswanga nje kuphela ekudleni kepha kukhona nezindlala ezikhiqiza usilika, ozosetshenziswa kamuva ukwakha umfece.

Uhlobo ngalunye lunesikhathi esithile sesigaba sesibungu, sona esiguqulwa ukushisa. Isigaba se-pupal kuvemvane sibizwa ngokuthi i-chrysalis. I-chrysalis ihlala inganyakazi, kuyilapho izicubu ziguqulwa futhi zihlelwa kabusha: izindlala zikasilika ziba yizindlala zamathe, umlomo uba yiproboscis, imilenze iyakhula, nolunye ushintsho olukhulu.

Lesi sifundazwe sihlala cishe amasonto amathathu. Lapho uvemvane seluvele lwakhiwe, i-cuticle ye-chrysalis iba mncane, kuze kube yilapho uvemvane luwephula luvele. Kufanele ulinde ihora noma amabili ukuze amaphiko abe lukhuni ukundiza.

Inyosi (iHolometabolism)

Izibungu zezinyosi zichanyuselwa eqandeni elimhlophe elihlanganisiwe bese zihlala esitokisini lapho iqanda lalibekwe khona. Isibungu naso simhlophe futhi phakathi nezinsuku ezimbili zokuqala sidla i-royal jelly sibonga izinyosi ezingabahlengikazi. Ibuye iqhubeke nokudla i-jelly ethile, kuya ngokuthi iyinyosi eyindlovukazi noma inyosi esebenzayo.

Iseli lapho litholakala khona limbozwa ngosuku lwesishiyagalolunye ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa. Ngesikhathi se-prepupa kanye neziphungumangathi, ngaphakathi kweseli, imilenze, izimpondo, izimpiko ziqala ukuvela, isifuba, isisu namehlo kuyakhula. Umbala wayo ushintsha kancane kancane uze ube umuntu omdala. Isikhathi lapho inyosi ihlala khona esitokisini siphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-8 (indlovukazi) nezinsuku eziyi-15 (i-drone). Lo mehluko ubangelwa umehluko wokondla.

Amaxoxo

Amaxoxo angama-amphibian, okusho ukuthi ahlala emhlabeni nasemanzini. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nezigaba eziholela ekugcineni kwe-metamorphosis, zihlala emanzini. Izibungu eziqanduselwa emaqandeni (ezifakwe emanzini) zibizwa ngokuthi onoshobishobi futhi ziyefana nenhlanzi. Zibhukuda futhi ziphefumule ngaphansi kwamanzi, ngoba zinezifo. Onoshobishobi benyuka ngosayizi kuze kufike umzuzu wokuguqulwa komzimba.

Ngesikhathi sayo, kulahleka imithambo futhi nokwakheka kwesikhumba kuyashintsha, kuvumela ukuphefumula okungatheni. Futhi balahlekelwa umsila. Bathola izitho nezitho ezintsha, ezinjengemilenze (imilenze yangemuva kuqala, bese kuba yimilenze yangaphambili) nezindlala ze-dermoid. Ukhakhayi, obelwenziwe ngoqwanga, luphenduka lube ngamathambo. Lapho isimo se-metamorphosis sesiphelile, isele lingaqhubeka nokubhukuda, kepha futhi lingahlala emhlabeni, yize lihlala lisendaweni enomswakama.