-Delile
I- pH isichazamazwi esimela amandla e-hydrogen, futhi sisebenza njengesilinganiso se-asidi noma i-alkalinity ye ukuncibilika, okukhombisa ukugxila kwama-hydronium ions akhona kusisombululo.
Kuyakhonjiswa ukuthi kunokuhlobana okuphelele phakathi kokuhlushwa kwama-hydrogen ion nezinga le-asidi kwe intoAma-acid aqinile anokugxila okuphezulu kwe-hydrogen ions, kuyilapho ama-acid abuthakathaka anokugxila okuphansi.
Ngokwezibalo, i- pH Ichazwa njenge-logarithm yedesimali yokuphindaphinda komsebenzi we-hydrogen ion kusixazululo. Umsebenzi we-logarithm usetshenziselwa ukulinganisa umkhuba, ukuze inombolo ibe nencazelo ngokwayo. Isikali sethulwe ngusokhemisi uSorenson, owanika isikali igama laso kwaze kwaba ngu-1924.
I- Isikali se-pH sisethwe phakathi kwenombolo 0 no-14: 0 ukuphela kwe-asidi, kuyilapho i-14 ingukuphela kwe-alkaline. Inombolo 7, ephakathi, yilokho okwaziwa njenge-pH engathathi hlangothi.
Njengoba kukalwa?
Ngokwesilinganiso se-pH, ikhemikhali esetshenziswa kalula ivame ukusetshenziswa, okuyi- Iphepha leLitmus. Kuyindima leyo iguqula umbala wayo kuye ngesisombululo lapho icwiliswe khona.
Izinto ezine-asidi kakhulu zizophendula umbala obomvana wephepha, kanti okuyisisekelo kakhulu kuzokwenza ukuthi liphenduke libe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amanye amaphepha walolu hlobo anokumakwa okulinganiselwe, ukuze noma ngubani owasebenzisayo anqume izinga le-hydrogen elingaba khona kalula nje ngombala.
Kodwa-ke, indima yeLitmus ayisebenzi ngokuphelele, futhi ezimweni lapho ingasebenzi khona, idivayisi eyaziwa njenge imitha ye-pH, inzwa esetshenziswa ngendlela yamakhemikhali ukukala i-pH yesisombululo. Lapho, iseli lokulinganiswa kwe-pH liqukethe ama-electrode amabili, elinye lenziwe nge-calomel kanti elinye lenziwe ngengilazi: le mitha iyi-voltmeter ebucayi kakhulu, futhi ama-electrode axhunywe kuyo azokhipha amandla kagesi lapho egxiliswe ezixazululweni.
Izibonelo ze-pH zezinto ezithile
| Ijusi likalamula (pH 2) | Ijusi lewolintshi (pH 4) |
| Ijusi lesisu (i-pH 1) | Ubhiya (pH 5) |
| Umuthi wokugeza (pH 10.5) | I-ammonia (pH 12) |
| Amanzi anensipho (pH 9) | I-Bleach (pH 13) |
| Amanzi olwandle (pH 8) | I-Cola soda (pH 3) |
| Amanzi lime (pH 11) | I-Hydrochloric acid (pH 0) |
| Ubisi lweMagnesia (pH 10) | Ibhethri (pH 1) |
| Isikhumba somuntu (pH 5.5) | I-sodium hydroxide (pH 14) |
| Ubisi (pH 6) | Amanzi ahlanzekile (pH 7) |
| Uviniga (pH 3) | Igazi (pH 8) |
Ungayigcina kanjani i-pH njalo?
Kwesinye isikhathi inqubo elabhoratri idinga ukulungisa nokulondoloza isixazululo nge i-pH engapheli. Ukulondolozwa kwalesi sixazululo kunzima kakhulu kunokulungiselelwa kwaso, ngoba uma kuhlangana nomoya kuzomunca isikhutha futhi kuzoba ne-asidi kakhulu, ngenkathi kugcinwa esitsheni seglasi kuzoba ne-alkaline eyengeziwe ngenxa yomphumela kokungcola. kukhishwe engilazini.
I- izixazululo zesikhashana yilabo abakwaziyo ukugcina i-pH yabo iqine uma kuqhathaniswa nokwengezwa kwamanani amancane ka- ama-asidi noma izisekelo enamandla.
Izixazululo zalolu hlobo zilungiswa nge-asidi engenamandla nosawoti we-asidi ofanayo, noma ngokusebenzisa isisekelo esibuthakathaka nosawoti wesisekelo esifanayo. Ngisho amaseli ezintweni eziphilayo kufanele agcine i-pH engapheli, Okwe isenzo se-enzymatic kanye ne-metabolic.
Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo ze-Acids nezisekelo
