Izibonelo Zamafutha - Encyclopedia

-Delile

Umsebenzi wamafutha
Yini ama-fatty acids abalulekile?
Kuyini ukusuthisa?
Yini amafutha adluliswayo?
Izingozi zamafutha agcwele
Izibonelo zamafutha angafakwanga
Izibonelo zamafutha agcwele
Izibonelo zamafutha we-trans
Imininingwane engaphezulu?

I- amafutha Ziyizinto eziphilayo, okusho ukuthi ama-molecule abo akhiwe ikakhulukazi ngama-athomu wekhabhoni, oksijini kanye ne-hydrogen. Yizigaba zama-lipids aqukethe okunamafutha acid.

Lapha sibhekisa kubo bonke lipids aqukethe okunamafutha acid. Noma kunjalo, ama-lipids atholakala ku- isimo esiqinile futhi zivela ezilwaneni, kuyilapho ama-lipids atholakala ku- isimo ketshezi ekamelweni lokushisa, futhi lokho ikakhulukazi kungomsuka wesitshalo.

Iqembu elihluke kakhulu, kepha wonke amafutha anezici ezifanayo:

Akungeneki emanzini: Yingakho amanzi nezinto ezifana no-oyela kungahlangani.
Iyancibilika kumakhemikhali awuketshezi angokwemvelo: Amafutha angancibilika ku-benzene, ether, chloroform, otshwala nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ngalesi sizathu, lapho kuhlanzwa amakhishi, utshwala busetshenziselwa ukususa igrisi ezindaweni.
Banobuningi obuphansi kunamanzi: Amabhamuza amancane kawoyela antanta oketshezini olufana nesobho kanye nomhluzi.
Kuyashelela futhi kuyacwebezela: Iningi lama-lipids lishelelela lapho lithinta futhi liyacwebezela ebusweni balo.

Umsebenzi wamafutha

Omunye wemisebenzi esemqoka yamafutha ukugcina amandla. Ngenkathi igramu ye- ama-carbohydrate noma kusuka amaprotheni inama-kilocalories ama-4, igramu lamafutha linayo Ama-kilocalories ayi-9. Ngakho-ke, amafutha yinto efanelekile yokugcina amandla.

Kodwa-ke, amafutha agcwalisa eminye imisebenzi, njengokudala izicubu ezivikela amakhaza, zivikele izitho, zibambe iqhaza ekwamukelweni kwamavithamini kanye nokwenziwa amahomoni, yenza ulwelwesi lweseli bese imboza izicubu zemizwa.

Yini ama-fatty acids abalulekile?

Ibizwa ngokuthi "kubalulekile”Ezintweni ezidinga umzimba womuntu ukuze usebenze kahle futhi ungakwazi ukuzikhiqiza. Kungakho udinga ukuzithola ekudleni.

Endabeni yamafutha, kunama-acid abalulekile abalulekile emzimbeni womuntu, njenge-linoleic, arachidonic ne-lonoleic. Lawa mafutha acid atholakala kumafutha emifino.

Kuyini ukusuthisa?

I- amafutha Imvamisa zakhiwa yi-glycerin molecule kanye ne-fatty acid eyodwa, ezimbili noma ezintathu. Lapho ihlanganisi igcwele, konke kwayo ama-athomu bahlanganiswe yisibopho esisodwa futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi kungene enye i-athomu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukugcwala kushiwo: inani eliphezulu lama-athomu anamathiselwe kule-molecule lifinyelelwe. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo samangqamuzana, Amafutha anelisiwe aqinile ekamelweni lokushisa.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma inhlanganisela ingafakwanga i-insaturated, ama-athomu axhunyaniswa nezibopho ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Kulezi zimo, kubonakala izibopho eziphindwe kabili noma kathathu. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo samangqamuzana, amafutha angasetshenziswanga zingamanzi ekamelweni lokushisa.

Yini amafutha adluliswayo?

Lapho i-asidi enamafutha ingagcwali, izibopho zayo eziphindwe kabili noma eziphindwe kathathu zingaphulwa ngama-athomu e-hydrogen. Ake sicabange izixhumanisi njengezandla ezihlangene. Uma ama-athomu amabili ekhabhoni exhunywe ndawonye ngesibopho esiphindwe kabili (izandla zombili zombili zixhunywe ndawonye) i-athomu ye-hydrogen ingangezwa ngakunye: ngayinye "ingagudluza izandla" nge-athomu entsha ye-hydrogen, bese kuthi noma kunjalo ihlale inamathele kwenye i-athomu lekhabhoni ngesibopho esisele.

Le nqubo ibizwa i-hydrogenation futhi kuyinqubo lapho amafutha angagcwali agcwala khona. Le nqubo ivela ngokwemvelo kuphela ebisini nasemafutheni omzimba wezinkomo nakwezinye izinto ezisolisayo.

Noma kunjalo, isetshenziswa kabanzi ku- umkhakha, ngoba ivumela uwoyela ukuthi uqine, unikeze ukuthungwa okukhethekile ekudleni, ngaphezu kokungabi sengozini yokuthamba.

Izingozi zamafutha agcwele

Yize amafutha ebalulekile ekusebenzeni komzimba, akuwona wonke azuzisayo.

I- Amafutha anelisiwe Bathanda ukuqoqeka kwe-cholesterol (i-cholesterol ephansi noma i-LDL) ezindongeni zemithambo. Lokhu kunqwabelana kuvimbela ukujikeleza kwegazi, kuthinte zonke izitho nezicubu, kufaka phakathi ubuchopho.

I- Amafutha weTrans ziveza zonke izingozi zamafutha agcwele, kepha futhi zinciphisa okubizwa nge- "cholesterol enhle": i-cholesterol ephezulu. ukuminyana (HDL). I-cholesterol ye-HDL isiza ukugcina izindonga zangaphakathi zemithambo, ukuvimbela i-arteriosclerosis, isifo senhliziyo nokufa uhlangothi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha we-trans kunciphisa lokhu kuvikelwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwamafutha kuvuna ukuqoqwa okwedlulele kwezicubu ze-adipose (amafutha) emzimbeni. Yize sonke sidinga ukugcina amandla amelelwa izicubu ze-adipose, ukweqa kwawo kubanga izifo ezifana nokukhuluphala. Ukukhuluphala akuyona inkinga yobuhle kuphela, kepha kuhlotshaniswa nokujikeleza kwegazi, umzimba, amalunga, ukuphefumula, izifo zokugaya futhi kungadala nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Ukusetshenziswa kaningi kwamafutha agcwele akusho ukuthi kubangele izinkinga, ngaphandle kwalapho kunesimo semvelo somzimba sezinkinga zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye yemiphumela emibi yokutholwa kwamafutha asetshenzisiwe angalinganiswa nendlela yokuphila, ngokwesibonelo ngokudla. ukuzivocavoca umzimba.

Izibonelo zamafutha angafakwanga

Amafutha e-Olive	Amantongomane
I-Tuna	Iminqumo
Uhlobo lwenhlanzi	Ama-sardine
Ukotapeya (ukwatapheya)	Amafutha ommbila
Ama-walnuts	Amafutha we-sunflower
Ama-alimondi	Amafutha weSoy

Bhekafuthi: Yini amaMacro neMicro Nutrients?