-Delile
Lapho kukhulunywa ngamakhompiyutha, isifinyezo ngokuvamile senziwa ku izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali, okungukuthi, ku izinto ezakhiwa ngamakhemikhali amabili noma ngaphezulu ahlangana ngendlela ethile nangokulingana.
I- izakhiwo ze-physico-chemical kwamakhemikhali awafani nalawo ezakhi zamakhemikhali ezakha ngokwahlukana.
Kunezinkulungwane zezibonelo zamakhemikhali asizungezile, yemvelo nokwenziwa, ngayinye inezici zayo. Kusuka etafuleni kasawoti noma ushukela esiphuza ngawo lokho esikudlayo nsuku zonke, noma insipho nebhlitshi esikuhlanzayo, kuya emithini esiyiphuzayo ukudambisa izinhlungu zethu noma ukuzelapha izifo ezitholakala ngamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Njengoba kunamakhemikhali amaningi kakhulu, kujwayelekile ukuzama ukuwahlela ngandlela thile. Ngokuvamile, bahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: izinhlanganisela eziphilayo kanye nokuhlanganiswa okungajwayelekile:
- Okungokwemvelo: Ziqukethe okungenani i-carbon ne-hydrogen ku-molecule yazo, phakathi kwazo kukhona izinto ezibalulekile ezifana ne ama-hydrocarbon, okokubasa okudala; amaprotheni noma amafutha.
- Okungajwayelekile: Aziqukethe i-carbon njengento esemaphakathi, kepha ahlanganisa ezinye izakhi (njenge-nitrogen, isulfure, i-iron, i-oxygen noma i-potassium), ukwakha usawoti, ama-oxide, ama-hydroxidenama-asidi. Noma kunjalo ikhebula licacisa ukuthi kukhona nosawoti kanye nama-organic acid.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesibopho esenzeka phakathi kwezakhi, ungaba nezakhi ezi-ionic noma ze-covalent:
- Amakhemikhali e-Ionic: Zigcinwe ndawonye yi-cation ne-anion ngokuheha okubangelwe ngomehluko kumacala.
- Amakhemikhali e-Covalent: Ama-electron ayo abiwe.
Amakhemikhali amakhemikhali avame ukumelwa yiwo ifomula yokwakheka noma ithuthukiswe kancane. Zisiza kakhulu nasekuqondeni ukuthi izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali zakhiwa kanjani. amamodeli amathathu-ntathu, ikakhulukazi uma engamangqamuzana ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu anamafolda athile, njengamaprotheni.
Ingakusebenzela:
- Izibonelo Zamakhemikhali Amakhemikhali
Izibonelo zezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali
Amanye amakhemikhali abhalwe ngezansi:
- I-Methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- I-Ferric chloride
- Amanzi
- IMethane
- I-Streptomycin
- I-Ethanol
- I-Glycerol
- I-Sodium sulfate
- I-calcium nitrate
- Ishukela
- Cellobiose
- I-Xylitol
- Uric acid
- I-chlorophyll
- I-Urea
- sulphate yethusi
- I-nitric acid
- I-Lactic acid
- I-Carbon monoxide
- I-Lactose
