Umlobi:
Laura McKinney
Usuku Lokudalwa:
10 Epreli 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku:
14 Mhlawumbe 2024
-Delile
Izicubu ezahlukahlukene zomzimba womuntu, ezinemisebenzi nezimpawu ezahlukahlukene, zonke zakhiwa iyunithi efanayo yokuphila eyisisekelo, encane: iseli.
Ngokuya ngendima yabo ethize ngaphakathi kokuxakaniseka kwesakhiwo somzimba ngakho-ke kwi-morphology yabo, amaseli angaba ngezinhlobo ezihluke kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200 phakathi kwamaseli ayizigidigidi ezingama-37 ezisikhiqizayo.
Ngokwesimo sawo, amaseli ethu awahlukile kangako kulawo ezincelisayo eziningi. Amaseli ethu ezilwane ahlukaniswe namaseli ezitshalo naku amakhowe ngokungabikho kodonga lweseli oluqinile futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba abanayo i-chlorophyll noma i-cellulose.
A iseli lomuntu ejwayelekile yakhiwa:
- A ulwelwesi lweselula evumayo evumela i-osmosis nokuxoshwa kwempahla.
- A i-nucleus iqukethe imininingwane yofuzo futhi ithatha u-10% wesisindo samangqamuzana.
- A i-nucleolus ngaphakathi kwe-nucleus, lapho kwenziwa khona ukukhiqizwa kwe-ribosome.
- ICytoplasm, into ene-gelatinous eyenza "ingaphakathi" leseli nalapho kutholakala khona wonke ama-organelles alo.
- Ama-organelles ahlukahlukenei-mitochondria, ebhekele ukuphefumula kwamaselula nokukhiqiza amandla; i-vacuole, enesibopho sokuhambisa izinto ngaphakathi kweseli; i-ribosome, ebhekele amaprotheni synthesis; i-lysosome, enesibopho sokukhiqiza ama-enzyme; kanye nenethiwekhi yolwelwesi, amashubhu, nezikhwama ezibizwa ngokuthi i-endoplasmic reticulum (ebushelelezi futhi emangele).
Ungaba nentshisekelo ku: Izitho Zomzimba Womuntu
Izibonelo zamaseli womuntu
- Amaseli we-Epithelial. Zakha amanethiwekhi weselula wezicubu ze-epithelial, ezihlanganisa zonke izindawo zomzimba mahhala: amapayipi, ulwelwesi lwamafinyila, izitho eziyize, izindlala noma ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwemigodi. Izendlalelo ezahlukahlukene zesikhumba zakhiwe kakhulu ngazo.
- Ama-Neurons. Uhlobo lweseli olunolwelwesi lwe-plasma olunikezwe ukuthokozela kukagesi, lisebenza njengomqhubi nomamukeli wesikhuthazo esivela ohlelweni lwezinzwa. Azivamile ukuzala uma sezikhulile futhi zibalulekile ekulawuleni umzimba.
- Ama-Fibroblasts. Amaseli avame kakhulu futhi angatheni kangako omzimba ayingxenye yezicubu ezixhuma, ezigcina ukwakheka komzimba okuhlangene nokuqinile.
- Ama-adipocyte. Amaseli abhekele ukuphatha imithombo yamandla yomzimba: amafutha. Ngama-enzyme enza kusebenze i-lipogenesis ne-lipolysis, izinqubo zokudala kanye nokushisa kwe amafutha ngokulandelana, bese uphendula ngaphezu kwakho konke ku- isifunda se-hormonal.
- Osteoblasts. Amaseli ayinhloko ethambo anesibopho sokwakha nokuhlela i-matrix yamathambo, ezobe isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa ngamaminerali ukuze izuze ukumelana kwayo okwaziwayo. Bangamaseli we-cuboid, ama-receptors e-calcium.
- Amaseli we-Glial noma i-neuroglia. Ukwesekwa kwenethiwekhi ye-neural, kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kolwazi komzimba. Baphethe ukulawulwa kwe-ionic futhi ama-neurotransmitters, isebenza njengohlobo lweglu ezicutshini zemizwa uqobo. Ziningi kakhulu (1:10 kuya ku-50) kune-neurons.
- Ama-Macrophage. Amaseli angamasosha omzimba, abhekana namagciwane noma ukungcolisa, kanye namaseli afile ezicutshini avuselelwa, ngokusebenzisa i-phagocytization yezakhi eziyingozi ezishiwoyo. Ngokwenza lokhu, bakhiqiza isistimu yolwazi lweselula ebangela ukuphendula komzimba.
- Amaseli egazi amhlophe noma ama-leukocyte. Ziyiqembu elihlukahlukene lamaseli azivikelayo avela emnkantsheni wethambo nezicubu ze-lymphatic, ezisebenza ngokumelene nokuba khona kwezakhi ze-pathogenic emzimbeni. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezikhethekile kakhulu, zokuzingela ezihlukile ama-antigen: ama-neutrophils, ama-eosinophil, ama-basophil, ama-lymphocyte nama-monocyte.
- Amaseli abomvu egazi noma ama-erythrocyte. Yilawo maseli amaningi kakhulu egazini, ukuphela kwawo aqukethe i-hemoglobin yokuthwala umoya-mpilo. Ngokungafani nokunye, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi akhethekile kakhulu emsebenzini wawo kangangokuthi awanayo i-nuclei ne-mitochondria, ngakho-ke athola amandla awo ukuvutshelwa i-lactic kunokuphefumula kwamaselula.
- Ama-Gametes. Okuhloselwe ukukhiqiza kuphela, kuthwala kuphela uhhafu walo lonke ufuzo lomuntu. Emuntwini, zihamba futhi zincane, zibizwa ngokuthi isidoda; kwabesifazane zinkulu futhi zihamba kancane, zibizwa ngama-ovules.
- Izinduku noma ukotini. Kutholakala ku-retina ene-ocular, bane-photosensitivity eyedlulele, ngenxa yalesi sizathu banesibopho sokubona ezimweni zobukhona bokukhanya okuphansi. Azizweli ngombala.
- Izigaxa. Ngokungafani nezinduku, izigaxa zingamaseli e-ocular akhona ku-retina, akhethekile ekubukeni kwamaza okukhanya ahlukahlukene, ngaleyo ndlela athola imibala ehlukene kusuka kokuluhlaza, obomvu nokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ama-hepatocyte. Ezingezesibindi, zingamaseli acebile ngama-organelles, i-glycogen namafutha. Babhekene nokufihla izinto ze-bile.
- Amaseli ayisisekelo. Kutholakala engxenyeni engaphandle yesikhumba, bakhiqiza izingqimba ezinamafutha ezinceku ezakha umngcele womzimba ngaphandle.
- Ama-Odontoblasts. Bakha uginindela wamazinyo, futhi banesibopho sokukhiqiza i-dentin, into okufakwa kuyo koqweqwe lwamazinyo.
- Amaseli we-Peptide. Zikhona esiswini, zinomsebenzi wokufihla i-hydrochloric acid edingekayo ukwakha i-pepsin nokudla ukudla okugonyiwe.
- Amaseli we-Goblet. Ukotapeya ekukhiqizeni amafinyila, ukugcina i-epithelium yomgudu wokuphefumula kanye nohlelo lokugaya ukudla lumanzi futhi luvikelwe. Igama lalo livela esimweni salo setshisi esiguquliwe.
- Ama-pneumocyte. Amaseli wamaphaphu ahlanganisa umgodi we-alveolar, avumela ukushintshaniswa kwamagesi ngegazi nokuqala kwesekethe yokuphefumula. Kukhona ama-pneumocyte wohlobo I no-II, ngalinye linama-morphologies nemisebenzi ehlukile.
- Ama-Myocyte. Zakha ubukhulu bemisipha yezicubu esekela amathambo futhi inike amandla amandla nokuhamba. Inenethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yamaprotheni ayivumela ukuthi ikhule futhi isebenze ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukwakheka kwayo kwasekuqaleni.
- Amaseli endothelial. Amaseli acijile agudle ingaphakathi lemithambo yegazi nenhliziyo, akha ungqimba lwengqamuzana layo elingaphandle, ekuxhumaneni unomphela negazi. Bafeza nemisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile ye-homeopathic.
Bhekafuthi: Ayini Amaseli Akhethekile?
