-Delile
Ubizwa ngegama abezindaba kubuchwepheshe obuhlukile futhi izindlela ezivumela umthumeli othize ukuthi axhumane nomamukeli oyedwa noma abaningi, kungaba ngesikhathi sangempela noma isikhathi esibambezelekile, ngamagagasi omsindo noma umbhalo obhaliwe, emabangeni amafushane noma amade.
Kulo mqondo banendawo kusuka kuMass Media enkulu yezikhathi zanamuhla (njengethelevishini), ukuya kwabezindaba abasondelene kakhulu nabangasese (njengocingo).
Izinhlobo zemidiya
Ukuhlukaniswa ngokwesiko kwabezindaba kusungule imikhakha emithathu: okuyinhloko (lokho akubandakanyi imishini), kwesibili (kuthuthukiswe ngokusemthethweni ukusakazwa) futhi ephakeme (bobabili umthumeli nomamukeli basebenzisa idivayisi).
Ukucatshangelwa kwamanje kungahlukanisa amaqembu amakhulu amathathu ezindaba, ngokwendima abayidlalayo ezimpilweni zethu:
– Mass imininingwane abezindaba, umthumeli wakhe angafinyelela kubamukeli abaningi esenzweni esijwayele ukwaziswa sansuku zonke, esijwayelekile nesingaqondakali (ngaphandle kokushintshana kwezindima).
– Imidiya yezokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu, exhuma abantu ababili noma ngaphezulu ngendlela eyimfihlo futhi evame ukusondelana, ivumela ukushintshaniswa kwezindima (bidirectionality).
– Ezokuzijabulisa, Ububanzi bayo buvame ukuba bukhulu futhi buqonde ezokungcebeleka nokuzijabulisa, okuvame ukuhambisana nezobuciko, amasiko amaningi noma izinhlobo zomphakathi zanamuhla.
Izibonelo zemidiya
- Ithelevishini. Omunye wabalingisi abakhulu bezikhathi zethu. Kukhona ithelevishini cishe kuyo yonke indlu emhlabeni, esakaza okuqukethwe kwayo okuhlukahlukene, izindaba, ezokuzijabulisa nokukhangisa ngezinkulungwane zeziteshi ezikhona.
- Umsakazo. Abakhulu abashiywe dengwane ngabasunguli bethelevishini, namuhla bahlala endaweni yezimoto zokuthutha ezingenakwenza ngaphandle kokubona nokunakwa komshayeli wazo, kanye nasekwakhekeni kwemiphakathi ukuvuna abalaleli.
- Iphephandaba. Phakathi kwemithombo yezindaba ebaluleke kakhulu futhi esinesikhathi eside isungulwa, imithombo yezindaba ebhaliwe iyaqhubeka nokuba ngomunye wabaphambili, yize ukufuduka kwayo kancane kancane kuya kumafomethi edijithali kusolwa. Ukukhangisa, ulwazi kanye nemibono kunendawo kufomethi yabo yokonga futhi elahlwayo.
- Ucingongokwesiko. Idalwe ngo-1877, iyisetshenziswa esingasetshenziswanga ngokungagunci, eshiye amakhaya ngokukhula okusheshayo komakhalekhukhwini kanye nokuxhumana nge-Intanethi. Iphendula imodeli yokuxhumana okuzwakalayo ne-static kusuka ngekhulu elidlule.
- Umakhalekhukhwini. Omunye wemithombo yezokuxhumana odlondlobele, uhambisana ne-Intanethi, umakhalekhukhwini wedlule amasu endabuko efoni yasekhaya, efaka ukuthunyelwa kwemiyalezo nolwazi lwazo zonke izinhlobo ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene zokushintshanisa okukude.
- Thumela imeyili. Isasetshenziswa emazweni amaningi ukuthenga nokuthumela ukuxhumana okusemthethweni, kepha kudilizwe ngokuphelele ngezindlela zesimanje zokuxhumana. IBrithani, empeleni, iyaziqhenya ngokuba nensizakalo yeposi ehamba phambili emhlabeni.
- Ifeksi. Ifeksi (i-facsimile) ibingumanduleli obalulekile wokudluliswa kwesithombe kwanamuhla. Kwakuvumela ukuthunyelwa kwezithombe kuguqulwe kube yimizwa yedijithali ngenethiwekhi yezingcingo. I-hybrid phakathi kocingo nokukopisha.
- ICinema. Yasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, iyaqhubeka nanamuhla ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obusha (namuhla cishe yonke into yidijithali), iyinto eyintandokazi yezigidi zababukeli emhlabeni jikelele.
- Amanethiwekhi omphakathi. Phakathi kweminikelo yakamuva ye-Intanethi ukuxhumana nomphakathi, ukuhlanganisa amadivayisi ahlukahlukene afakwe ukuxhuma emcabangweni ofanayo womphakathi onentshisekelo. It is a technology ethandwa kakhulu futhi impikiswano, ngenxa yamandla nezingozi zokuchayeka okukhulu kangaka.
- Izwi lomuntu. Izindlela zokuqala nezemvelo zokuxhumana. Ukufinyelela okungenantambo, kwamahhala, okulinganiselwe nokusheshayo.
- I-inthanethi. Umthombo omkhulu wokukhishwa kwesimanje nokuxhumana, inethiwekhi yamanethiwekhi, imininingwane ephezulu kakhulu ... noma yini esifuna ukuyibiza ngayo, iyindlela enamandla kakhulu yokudlulisa idatha emhlabeni. Isebenza njengohlelo lomhlaba wonke, olusheshayo nolunhlobonhlobo lokusakaza iphakethe kanye nenqubo yephrothokholi.
- Ikhathuni. Isinda kwimvelaphi yayo yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye kanye neminyaka yayo yegolide maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili, ikwazile ukufudukela kufomethi yedijithali ukuze igcine ukubaluleka kwayo ebusweni bentsha nezingane, kepha nabantu abadala nezethameli zobuciko.
- I-Telegraph. Lokhu sekuvele kungumlando wezokuxhumana. Kwakuyithuluzi elisebenzisa amasiginali kagesi ukwamukela nokudlulisa imiyalezo ebethelwe. Kwakuyindlela yokuqala yokuxhumana ngogesi emhlabeni, eyasungulwa ngekhulu le-19.
- Ibhuku. Mhlawumbe hhayi ngokushesha, noma ngobuningi, noma ngesimanje njengeminye imithombo yezindaba, le ncwadi ihlala iyindlela engenakonakala yokukhulumisana nomthumeli nabamukeli abaningana (eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye ngencwadi ngayinye), zombili ngokuya ngolwazi nokuzijabulisa. Iyaphatheka, ayibizi, futhi iyendabuko, kepha iphikisana nejubane lesimanje.
- Umsakazo we-Amateur. Abathandi bomsakazo basebenzisa amabhendi omsakazo ukusakaza nokwamukela imiyalezo ngasese, ngendlela yesiteshi somsakazo. ama-walkie-talkies yabalindi nabanakekeli. Kuyindlela ecishe ibe ngobuciko: ibanga elifushane nobukhali obuphansi.
- Imeyili. Uhlobo lwesimanjemanje lwetelegram luvumela ukuthunyelwa kwezincwadi nemibhalo kanye namafayela wanoma yiluphi uhlobo ngensizakalo yeposi eyimfihlo, esondelene neyimfihlo.
- Amajenali. Kokubili ukusatshalaliswa, ukuzijabulisa noma okukhethekile, kuyindlela yokuvuselela ulwazi ku-vogue, inikezwe ubunjalo bayo ngezikhathi ezithile futhi igxile kuzithameli ezisunguliwe.
- Izikhangiso zomphakathi. Eziminyene emadolobheni yizikhangiso ezihlala njalo ezisakaza imiyalezo yazo kuwo wonke umuntu odlulayo azinake, azidonsela amehlo ngokubheka imithombo yezithombe nemishwana ehlakaniphile.
- Ama-gazette asemthethweni. Izinqumo zombuso nezisemthethweni zoMbuso azaziwa ngabantu hhayi kuphela ngemithombo yezindaba, kodwa futhi ngama-gazette nemibhalo ephrintiwe, indima yayo engeyona nje yokwazisa kuphela kodwa futhi nedokhumentari.
- Ulwimi lwezandla. Ngokukhethekile eyenzelwe izithulu-mutes, ikhiqiza izincazelo ezahlukahlukene ezizodluliselwa ngokuthinta, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuphimisela igama elilodwa.
