Umlobi:
Laura McKinney
Usuku Lokudalwa:
7 Epreli 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku:
1 Ujulayi 2024
-Delile
I- IZizwe Ezihlangene (UN), eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-United Nations (UN), njengamanje iyinhlangano yamazwe enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ebaluleke kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Eyasungulwa ngo-Okthoba 24, 1945 ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, yayisekelwa futhi ivunywa amazwe angama-51 angamalungu, asayina iSivumelwano Senhlangano Yezizwe futhi athembisa ukuba nale nhlangano kahulumeni womhlaba wonke njenge umgqugquzeli kanye nesiqinisekiso ezinqubweni zezingxoxo, ukuthula, umthetho wamazwe omhlaba, amalungelo oluntu kanye nezinye izindaba zemvelo yonke.
Njengamanje inamazwe angamalungu we-193 nezilimi eziyisithupha ezisemthethweni, kanye nonobhala jikelele osebenza njengommeleli kanye nomqhubi, isikhundla esabanjwa kusukela ngo-2007 yiNingizimu Korea uBan Ki-moon. Indlunkulu yalo iseNew York, e-United States, kanti ikomkhulu layo lesibili liseGeneva, eSwitzerland.
Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo zeNhlangano Zamazwe Ngamazwe
Izinhlaka eziyinhloko ze-UN
Inhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlukile yehlukile amazinga enhlangano avumela izingxoxo ezigxile ezindabeni kanye nasezintweni ezithinta umhlaba wonke, nokuthi ngohlelo lokuvota kunganquma ukungenelela wobumbano lwamazwe omhlaba esifundeni esithile somhlaba esiphikisanayo, isimemezelo esihlanganyelwe sendaba ethile, noma ukucindezela ukufeza izinhloso zenhlalonhle ngokubambisana ngenhloso yomhlaba ozayo.
Lezi zitho eziyinhloko yilezi:
- Umhlangano jikelele. Umgogodla weNhlangano ohlinzeka ngokubamba iqhaza nempikiswano yamazwe angamalungu ayi-193, ngalinye linevoti elilodwa. Kuholwa ngumongameli womhlangano okhethelwe iseshini ngayinye, futhi kuxoxwa ngezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, njengokuqashelwa kwamalungu amasha noma izinkinga ezibalulekile zesintu.
- UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha. Akhiwe ngamalungu amahlanu anomphela anamandla okuvota: iChina, iRussia, i-United States, iFrance kanye ne-United Kingdom, kubhekwe njengamazwe ahambisana kakhulu nabezempi emhlabeni, namanye amalungu ayishumi angahlali unomphela, obulungu bawo buyiminyaka emibili futhi akhethwe yiPhalamende Jikelele. Lo mzimba unomsebenzi wokuqinisekisa ukuthula nokulawula izenzo zempi kanye nobudlelwano bamazwe omhlaba.
- Umkhandlu Wezomnotho Nezenhlalo. Amazwe angama-54 angamalungu abamba iqhaza kulo mkhandlu, kanye nabamele imikhakha yezemfundo neyebhizinisi, kanye nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukaHulumeni ezingaphezu kuka-3,000 (NGO), ukuze ubambe izingxoxo zomhlaba wonke eziphathelene nokufuduka, indlala, impilo, njll.
- Umkhandlu WeTrusteeship. Lo mzimba unendima ethile, okuwukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa okufanele kwezindawo ezethembekile, okungukuthi, izikhundla ezingaphansi kokulawulwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe intuthuko egcina iholele kuzibuse noma kuzibuse. Yakhiwe ngamalungu amahlanu kuphela oMkhandlu Wezokuphepha kuphela: iChina, iRussia, i-United States, i-United Kingdom neFrance.
- Inkantolo Yomhlaba Yobulungiswa. Ekomkhulu laso eThe Hague, kungumbutho wezobulungiswa we-UN, ohloselwe ukubhekana nezingxabano zokwahlulela phakathi kweMibuso ehlukahlukene, kanye nokuhlola amacala obugebengu obubi kakhulu noma onendawo ebanzi kakhulu ukuthi angaquliswa yinkantolo kazwelonke. Okuvamile. Lakhiwe omantshi abali-15 abakhethwe yi-General Assembly kanye noMkhandlu Wezokuphepha iminyaka eyisi-9.
- UNobhala. Lesi yisigungu sokuphatha se-UN, esihlinzeka ngemisebenzi kwezinye izinhlaka futhi sinezikhulu ezingaba ngu-41,000 emhlabeni wonke, ezixazulula zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga nezimo ezithakazelisa iNhlangano. Iphethwe nguNobhala Jikelele, okhethwe yi-General Assembly okweminyaka emihlanu, ngokuhambisana nezincomo zoMkhandlu Wezokuphepha.
Izibonelo zezinhloso ze-UN
- Gcina ukuthula nokuphepha phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu. Lokhu kusho ukulamula ezimweni ezingqubuzanayo, ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwezomthetho ezindabeni zamazwe omhlaba nokusebenza njengegatsha elicindezelayo, ngohlelo lokuvotelwa kanye nezijeziso zesimo sezomnotho nezokuziphatha, ukuvimbela ukwanda kwezingxabano eziholela empini, futhi okubi kakhulu, ekubulaweni kwabantu njengalokhu okwenzeka kubantu ngekhulu lamashumi amabili. I-UN igxekwe kabanzi ngokungabi namandla kwayo lapho ibhekene nokungenelela kwamazwe aphuma emazweni anamandla kakhulu akha uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha, njengoba kwenzeka ngokuhlasela kweNyakatho Melika eLibya nase-Iraq ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21.
- Ukukhuthaza ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kwezizwe. Lokhu kuzanywa ngokwenza izinhlelo zemfundo kanye namaphrojekthi okubekezelelana, ekwamukeleni abokufika nokwehluka kwabantu, okwenza kube yinxusa elihle lokholo ezingxabanweni eziphakathi kwamazwe. Eqinisweni, i-UN ixhunyaniswe kakhulu nekomidi lama-Olimpiki elenza ama-Olimpiki futhi elinokumelwa kwamasiko nokubonakala emicimbini emikhulu nasezibukisweni zabantu zeplanethi.
- Nikeza ukusekelwa kwabantu kulabo abaswele futhi ulwe nokungalingani okwedlulele. Miningi imikhankaso ye-UN enikela ngemithi nosizo lwezokwelapha kubantu abalahliwe noma abahlukanisiwe, ukudla nezinsiza eziphuthumayo ezifundeni ezicindezelekile noma ezonakaliswe izingxabano ezihlomile noma izingozi zezulu.
- Nqoba indlala, ubumpofu, ukungafundi nokungalingani. Ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zentuthuko esimeme zomhlaba wonke ezikhuthaza ukunakwa okubaluleke kakhulu ezindabeni eziphuthumayo kwezempilo, ezemfundo, izinga lempilo noma ezinye izingqinamba ezingenanzuzo noma zosizo ukunganakwa kwazo okwenza umhlaba ube yindawo engenzeleli. Izinhlelo ezinjena zivame ukubandakanya ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi kwemikhakha ecebile emhlabeni kanye nalabo ababencishwe amathuba kakhulu.
- Ngenelela kwezempi ukuvikela abantu abasengozini. Ngalokhu, i-UN inebutho lamasosha aphesheya, elibizwa ngokuthi "izigqoko zokuvikela okwesibhakabhaka" ngenxa yombala womfaniswano wazo. Umkhosi othi awuphenduli, ngombono, ngezidingo zanoma yiliphi izwe elithile, kepha ugcwalisa iqhaza elingathathi hlangothi njengombonisi, umlamuli kanye nesiqinisekiso sobulungiswa nokuthula ezimweni ezibucayi lapho aphoqeleka ukuba angenelele, njengamazwe angaphansi kobushiqela noma izimpi zombango.
- Iya emicimbini yomhlaba ebucayi. Ikakhulukazi kwezempilo (ubhadane lwezifo, ukuqubuka okungalawuleki njenge-Ebola e-Afrika ngo-2014), ukufuduka kwabantu abaningi (njengenkinga yababaleki baseSyria ngenxa yempi) kanye nezinye izingqinamba isinqumo sazo esithinta umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba wonke noma imikhakha yomphakathi engamboziwe nguhulumeni owaziwayo noma ubuzwe.
- Isaziso mayelana nokungcola kanye nokuqinisekisa imodeli esimeme. I-UN iya ngokuya iba nentshisekelo yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye namamodeli wokuthuthukiswa kwemvelo, okwenza kubonakale isidingo somuntu sokumisa ukungcoliswa nokucekelwa phansi kwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni, kanye nokuhlela ikusasa lempilo, ukuchuma nokuthula esikhathini esizayo hhayi kuphela ngokushesha imigomo.
Ingakusebenzela: Izinhloso zeMercosur
