Amanethiwekhi we-LAN, MAN ne-WAN

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi
• Izivumelwano zenethiwekhi
• Izibonelo zamanethiwekhi e-LAN
• Izibonelo zamanethiwekhi we-MAN
• Izibonelo zamanethiwekhi we-WAN

Ngokwencazelo, a inethayamakhompyutha noma inethiwekhi yekhompyutha Kuyisethi ye- i-hardware ne-software (amadivayisi nezinhlelo) ixhunywe komunye nomunye ngamadivayisi aphathekayo okuthumela nokwamukela ulwazi, ukuze sabelane ngemininingwane, uphathe izinsizakusebenza futhi unikele ngezinsizakalo ezahlukahlukene.

Lawa manethiwekhi asebenza njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuxhumana olusungulwe: ngokuxhumana okuhlanganisiwe nokubuyisanayo kwabathumeli nabemukelayo ngesiteshi somzimba nangokusebenzisa ikhodi ejwayelekile. Ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi kuzoncika ekuhlelweni kwalezi zinto, ngokwesibonelo, isivinini sayo sokudluliswa kwedatha..

Inethiwekhi enkulu eyenziwe ngabantu kuze kube manje yi-Intanethi: inethiwekhi enkulu yezigidi zamakhompyutha axhumene ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba, ukwabelana ngolwazi emhlabeni wonke nokuvumela ukwenza izinqubo nezinsizakalo.

Izinhlobo zamanethiwekhi

Kunokuhlukaniswa okuningi kwamanethiwekhi ekhompyutha, abhekana nezici ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza kwawo: uhlobo lwawo lokuxhuma, ubudlelwane bawo obusebenzayo, ukwakheka komzimba wabo, izinga labo lokusakazeka, ubuqiniso noma ukuqondiswa kwedatha yabo, kepha mhlawumbe okwaziwa kakhulu ukwahlukaniswa ngokusho ububanzi bayo.

Ngakho-ke, singakhuluma ngezinhlobo ezintathu zenethiwekhi, ikakhulukazi:

• Amanethiwekhi we-LAN (Inethiwekhi Yendawo Yasendaweni). Igama layo liqukethe isifinyezo esiNgisini se-Local Area Network, futhi yileso esikhawulela ubukhulu baso endaweni echazwe kahle yobukhulu obuncane, njengomnyango, ihhovisi, indiza, noma isakhiwo esifanayo. Ukuntula izindlela zomphakathi zokuxhumeka, ziphathwa njengenethiwekhi yendawo eyodwa, ngaphandle kokuthi zingakhonza abasebenzisi abaningi ngasikhathi sinye.
• MAN amanethiwekhi (Inethiwekhi yedolobha elikhulu). Igama layo liqukethe isifinyezo esiNgisini seMetropolitan Area Network, ngoba iyinethiwekhi enejubane elikhulu ehlinzeka ngendawo endaweni enkulu kune-LAN (empeleni iqukethe eziningana zazo), kepha isakhonkolo futhi ichazwe, njenge ingxenye yedolobha.
• Amanethiwekhi we-WAN (Inethiwekhi Yendawo Ebanzi). Igama layo liqukethe isifinyezo esiNgisini esithi Wide Area Network, kanti kulokhu simayelana namanethiwekhi abanzi futhi anejubane eliphezulu, asebenzisa amasathelayithi, amaklabishi, ama-microwave nobuchwepheshe obusha ukumboza ingxenye enkulu yezindawo. I-Intanethi, ngokungangabazeki, iyi-WAN yezilinganiso zomhlaba.

Izivumelwano zenethiwekhi

Amakhompiyutha akha amanethiwekhi axhumana nomunye ekhuluma "ulimi" olufanayo, olubizwa umthetho olandelwayo wenethiwekhi. Kunezinqubo eziningana ezingaba khona, amazinga wokuxhumana nokucatshangelwa kokusebenza kwenethiwekhi okujwayelekile, kepha lezi ezimbili ezivame kakhulu yileziNOMA UMA (Vula Ukuxhunywa Kwamasistimu: ukuxhumana okuvulekile kwezinhlelo) futhiTCP / IP (Isendlalelo sezokuThutha nongqimba lwenethiwekhi).

Zombili lezi zinqubo ziyahlukahluka ngoba zakha ukuxhumana ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ngenkathi i-OSI inezingqimba eziyisikhombisa ezichaziwe zokuxhumana nemisebenzi ethile, i-TCP / IP inezine kuphela kepha ihlelwe ngesisekelo sohlaka oluphindwe kabili. Lesi sakamuva yisona esivame kakhulu futhi esisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.

Izibonelo zamanethiwekhi e-LAN

1. Inethiwekhi yasekhaya. Njenge-wireless (i-WiFi) noma ngubani angafaka ekhaya ukuze asebenzise amakhompyutha ambalwa nomakhalekhukhwini. Ububanzi bayo ngeke budlule emaphethelweni omnyango.
2. Inethiwekhi yesitolo. Amagatsha amancane ebhizinisi noma esitolo ngokuvamile anenethiwekhi yawo, ukuhlinzeka ngoxhumano lwe-Intanethi kumakhompyutha abo futhi, kaningi, kumakhasimende.
3. Inethiwekhi yangaphakathi yehhovisi. Emahhovisi, kuvame ukusetshenziswa inethiwekhi yangaphakathi (i-intranet) exhumanisa amakhompyutha abo bonke abasebenzi, ibavumela ukufinyelela ngokuhlanganyela kuzinto zokwakheka (ezifana nephrinta efanayo) futhi babelane ngamafolda womsebenzi noma izinto ezithakaselanayo.
4. Inethiwekhi yomphakathi esikweleni. Emadolobheni amaningi uhlelo lwe-inthanethi lomphakathi nolwamahhala luyasetshenziswa, ngamaphoyinti wokuxhuma okungenazintambo anebanga elingadluli kumamitha ambalwa ebangeni.
5. Inethiwekhi ye-serial endaweni. Amakhefi we-Intanethi noma amadokodo wefoni ngamabhizinisi athola ukuqhuma okuningi ngokungena kwe-Intanethi ngaphambi kokufika kwe Ama-Smartphones. Babejwayele ukuba namakhompyutha amaningi ane-inthanethi etholakalayo esetshenziswa umphakathi., kodwa yakhelwe kunethiwekhi yangaphakathi elawula ukusebenza kwikhompyutha yomphathi wendawo.

Izibonelo zamanethiwekhi we-MAN

1. Inethiwekhi yoNgqongqoshe. Izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni zidinga ukusebenzisana noma zabelane ngemininingwane ebalulekile, ngakho-ke Axhumene ngenethiwekhi ye-fiber optic evumela ukuthi babe kolunye uhlangothi lwedolobha futhi bangalahlekelwa oxhumana nabo.
2. Inethiwekhi phakathi kwamagatsha. Izitolo eziningi namabhizinisi axhumene edolobheni elifanayo, okuvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi afune umkhiqizo egatsheni eliseduze futhi, uma ungatholakali, Bangayicela kwenye indawo kude kakhulu noma, esimweni esibi kakhulu, baqondise iklayenti encwadini kwelinye igatsha.
3. Inethiwekhi ye-ISP yendawo. Ibizwa nge-ISP (Umhlinzeki Wensiza Ye-inthanethi) ezinkampanini ezidayisela abantu ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi kwasendaweni. Benza ngokunembile ngamanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene e-MAN, ngalinye liphatha izinsiza zedolobha noma indawo. kumakhasimende ahlukahlukene ayicelayo, okungukuthi, kwi-LAN ngayinye.
4. Inethiwekhi eseyunivesithi. Ebizwa nangokuthi i-CAN (Inethiwekhi Yendawo Yekhampasi), empeleni zingUMUNTU oguqulwe kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene ezakha idolobha laseyunivesithi, nokuthi bangahlukaniswa ngokuphelele omunye komunye ngamabanga amakhulu.
5. Inethiwekhi kahulumeni kamasipala. Imininingwane kamasipala noma yedolobha kuvame ukwabelwana ngayo kwinethiwekhi ethinta kuphela labo abahlala kuyo, ngoba izakhamizi zakwezinye izindawo zizoba nezazo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhokhwa kwentela kamasipala noma izinqubo zokuphatha kungenziwa ngempumelelo enkulu..

Izibonelo zamanethiwekhi we-WAN

1. I-Internet. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu se-WAN esitholakalayo yi-Intanethi, ekwazi ukuxhumana namadivayisi ahlukahlukene wezobuchwepheshe emabangeni amakhulu, ngisho ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba kuye kolunye. Yinethiwekhi enkulu evame ukuqhathaniswa nolwandle, umgwaqo omkhulu kakhulu, noma indawo yonke..
2. Inethiwekhi yasebhange kazwelonke. Amagatsha asebhange ezweni aphethwe ngenethiwekhi enkulu futhi ngokuxhumene namanye amabhange ngisho namabhange aphesheya. Ngayinye yalezi zinethiwekhi yi-WAN evumela umsebenzisi ukuthi akhiphe imali kwi-ATM engaphesheya kwezwe, noma ezweni elihlukile..
3. Amanethiwekhi webhizinisi lamazwe omhlaba. Ama-franchise amakhulu ebhizinisi akhona emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni, agcina abasebenzi bawo bexhumana nge-WAN ekhethekile yenkampani, ukuze bakwazi ukushintshana ngolwazi futhi baqhubeke nokuxhumana njalo yize bekwamazwe ahlukene.
4. Amanethiwekhi wesathelayithi ezempi. Amanethiwekhi ahlukahlukene okuqapha ezokuvikela nawamasosha aphathelene neziphuphutheki, imikhumbi, izindiza nezinye izimoto ezihlakazeke emhlabeni wonke, zikhulu ububanzi futhi zikhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke zingaba kuphela zohlobo lwe-WAN.
5. Khokha amanethiwekhi we-TV. Ikhebula noma ithelevishini yethelevishini kanye nezinye izinsizakalo zokuzijabulisa nolwazi ezisuselwa kubuchwepheshe obusha, sebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-WAN ukuxhuma ababhalisile bayo emazweni ahlukahlukene ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zezwekazi.