Amandla emvelo, okufakelwa, aphansi nasesekondari

-Delile

• Izibonelo zamandla emvelo noma ayisisekelo
• Izibonelo zamandla okufakelwa noma wesibili

I- amandla emvelo Yilezo ezitholakala kwimvelo ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Zibizwa nangokuthi amandla ayisisekelo. Lezi zinsizakusebenza azenzi ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali noma ngokomzimba ukuze zisetshenziselwe amandla.

I- amandla okufakelwa yimikhiqizo yamandla etholakala ngenqubo yokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali noma komzimba. Zibizwa nangokuthi ezesibili ngoba zitholakala njengomkhiqizo wesibili womthombo wamandla emvelo.

Kokubili amandla emvelo nawokufakelwa angahlukaniswa abe:

• Ukuvuselelwa: Yilezo ezingapheli noma ezingakhiqizwa ngokushesha kunalokho ezikudlile.
• Okungavuseleleka: Yilezo ezingenakwenziwa noma ukuthi ukwenziwa kwazo kuhamba kancane kunokusebenzisa kwazo.

Izibonelo zamandla emvelo noma ayisisekelo

1. Amandla we-Kinetic wemisinga yamanzi (ivuseleleka). Ukuhamba kwamanzi kunamandla e-kinetic. Ngenkathi lawo mandla engasetshenziselwa ukwenza amandla wesibili, njengasesiteshini samandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, angasetshenziswa futhi njengamandla ayisisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo:
   • Timber: indlela yokuhambisa izingodo zezinkuni ngokuziphonsa emifuleni, futhi uzivumele ukuthi zintante ukusuka lapho zigawulwa ziye endaweni yokugcina engaphansi.
   • Izikebhe: noma ngabe zisebenzisa imoto noma amandla okugwedla, izikebhe zingasebenzisa amandla we-kinetic wemisinga yamanzi, kokubili olwandle kanye nomfula.
   • Izigayo zamanzi: amandla e-kinetic wamanzi aguqulwa abe amandla womshini ahambisa izindwani zamasondo esigayo aguqula “amasondo okugaya” (amatshe ayindilinga) aguqula okusanhlamvu kube ufulawa.
2. Amandla okushisa elanga (kuvuseleleka): Ilanga lisinikeza ukushisa ngaphandle kokungenelela okuvela kumuntu. Sisebenzisa la mandla nsuku zonke ngokuzibeka ngaphansi kwelanga lapho sibanda. Ingasetshenziswa futhi nasekwakhiweni kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo, kugxile kulokho kushisa futhi kukhethe ukukhula kwezitshalo ezidinga amazinga okushisa aphezulu nomswakama.
3. Amandla wokukhanya avela elangeni (ivuseleleka): Ngamandla esiwasebenzisayo ezitshalweni, ngoba izitshalo ziguqula amandla wamakhemikhali nge-photosynthesis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, siyisebenzisela ukukhanyisa amakhaya ethu ngamawindi nophahla lwengilazi.
4. Imisebe yelanga esebenza ngogesi (ivuseleleka): Yisamba samandla okukhanya nokushisa kwelanga. Luhlobo lwamandla emvelo olungaguqulwa lube amandla kagesi (wokufakelwa) ngamaseli we-photovoltaic, ama-heliostats noma abaqoqi bokushisa.
5. I-kinetic energy yomoya (evuselelekayo): Imisinga yomoya (umoya) inamandla e-kinetic aguqulwa abe amandla womshini ngokuhambisa izindwani zamadivayisi esivame ukuwazi njengezigayo. Kuma-wind turbines, la mandla aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi (okwenziwa). Kepha futhi ingasetshenziswa njengamandla womshini:
   1. Izimpompo Zokumpompa - Ukunyakaza ngomshini kusetshenziselwa ukumpompa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Zisetshenziselwa ukunisela amasimu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kungafinyelelwa khona kumanethiwekhi kagesi.
   2. Ama-Windmill: ngendlela efanayo nama-watermills, amandla we-mechanical asetshenziselwa ukuguqula okusanhlamvu kube ufulawa.
6. Amandla abantu nezilwane: Amandla omzimba wabantu nezilwane asetshenziswa ngqo:
   1. Igeja: namanje kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba kusasetshenziswa igeja “legazi”, okungukuthi, lidonswa isilwane.
   2. I-coffee grinder: kulezi zinsuku ikhofi livame ukugaywa ngamagayiga kagesi. Noma kunjalo, izinto ezisetshenziswa ngesandla zisengasetshenziswa.
7. Amandla kagesi wemvelo (kuvuseleleka kabusha): Yize amandla avela emanzini, umoya nelanga angasetshenziswa ukuguqula kube ugesi, kodwa futhi kutholakala endalweni lapho kuduma izulu. Njengamanje kunohlelo lokwakha olubizwa ngeHydra oluhlose ukusebenzisa amandla ombani.
8. I-Biomass: Luhlobo lwamandla avuselelwa kuphela kwezinye izimo. Ukusebenzisa izinkuni (amandla amakhemikhali) ukuyiguqula ibe amandla okushisa (ezinkambeni zomlilo) akuyona esimeme ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenxa yokwehla okusheshayo kwamahlathi emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ezinamandla ze-biomass, njengezitshalo zikabhekilanga ezizoguqulwa zibe yi-biodiesel, empeleni ziyindlela evuselelekayo futhi esimeme yamandla emvelo.
9. Ama-hydrocarbon (akuvuseleleki): Igesi yemvelo kanye no-oyela kungamandla emvelo amakhemikhali.Igesi isetshenziswa njengamandla okushisa, ngaphandle kokwenza ushintsho. Iphinde iguqulwe ibe ugesi (amandla okufakelwa). Uwoyela ungumthombo wemvelo kepha usetshenziswa ngezindlela zawo zokwenziwa, njengophethiloli noma udizili.

Izibonelo zamandla okufakelwa noma wesibili

1. UgesiUgesi ungatholakala emithonjeni eminingana eyinhloko:
   1. Amandla kagesi (avuselelekayo)
   2. Amandla elanga (avuselelekayo)
   3. Amandla wamakhemikhali (angavuseleleki): okususelwa ku-petroleum okushiswa enjinini noma ku-turbine kuyasetshenziswa. Okunye ukungalungi kwale ndlela, ngaphezu kokungavuseleleki, ukuthi ikhipha amagesi anobuthi emkhathini.
   4. Amandla e-athomu: kusetshenziswa amandla enuzi emvelo.
   5. I-Kinetic Energy: Ezinye izinhlobo zamathoshi zikhokhiswa nge-dynamo engasetshenziswa ngesandla.
2. Uphethiloli: Yizinto ezitholakala ku-petroleum (amandla emvelo) aguqulwe ngamakhemikhali ukuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwawo ngqo.