-Delile
I- utshani (eyaziwa nangokuthi yiPoaceae) yizitshalo ezinomuthi (kanye nezinye) ezihambisana nokuhleleka kwama-monocot. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyishumi nambili zotshani cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zotshani, ngokomjikelezo wazo wempilo:
- Utshani bonyaka. Banomjikelezo futhi bazala kanye ngonyaka. Isibonelo: ukolweni, i-oats.
- Utshani obungapheli. Zizala ngaphezu kwesisodwa ngonyaka. Isibonelo: utshani, uqalo.
Ukubaluleka nokusetshenziswa kotshani
Iningi lotshani lusetshenziselwa ukwenza imikhiqizo enjengempuphu ngoba iningi liyizinhlamvu (ibhali, ilayisi, ukolweni, phakathi kokunye okuningi).
Ezinye zisetshenziselwa ukwenza i- papier-mâché, ezisebenzisela isiqu noma utshani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa izintambo ezineziqu namaqabunga otshani.
Izibonelo zotshani
- Izinyoni
- Ilayisi
- I-oatmeal
- Uqalo
- Umoba
- Ibhali
- Rye
- I-Falaris (Phalaris Tuberosa)
- Ukuqina Okukhululekile
- Ummbila (Zea Mais)
- Ndodana
- I-Ball Grass (iDactylis Glomerata)
- Amadlelo
- Amabele
- Ukolweni
Iziqu
Iziqu ze- utshani Zibizwa nangokuthi umhlanga ngoba ziyindilinga futhi ziyindilinga. Zinamafindo okuthungwa okuqinile futhi phakathi kwala mafindo, izindondolo zingenalutho, ezivumela ukuba zikwazi ukuguquguquka ngokwanele ukuze zikhule ezindaweni ezinomoya. Ngokulandelayo, iziqu zotshani zingaba:
Iziqu zasemoyeni:
- Iziqu ezikhuphukayo. Ziyakhuphuka futhi ziqonde futhi zinama-internode amafushane eduze kwesisekelo futhi ahlukaniswe kabanzi maqondana nesiqongo.
- Iziqu ezinwabuzelayo. Ziyiziqu ezingakhuphuki zibheke phezulu kodwa zikwenza ezingeni lomhlabathi.
- Iziqu ezintantayo. Ziyizitshalo ezinomuthi ezikhula emanzini futhi zintante ngenxa yeziqu ezingenalutho zotshani.
Iziqu ezingaphansi komhlaba:
- AmaRhizomes. Ziyiziqu ezingaphansi komhlaba ezinikezela (ngokukhula okuvundlile) izimpande noma amahlumela avela ezindaweni zazo.
- Pseudobulbs. Ziyiziqu ezijiya kuma-internode futhi azivamile phakathi kwe- utshani (Isibonelo salesi sigaba esingezansi yi-Phalaris tuberosa noma i-birdseed.
Amaqabunga
Amahlamvu we utshani Zenziwe izingxenye ezintathu:
- Umgodla. Imboza isiqu bese igqagqana nayo.
- Ligule. Ulwelwesi noma iqembu lezinwele phakathi kwekhasi leqabunga kanye ne-petiole. (kwezinye izinhlobo kungenzeka kungabi khona).
- Ikhaba leLeaf. Ishidi elimboza iningi lamaqabunga otshani.
Izimbali nezithelo
Zinesakhiwo esibizwa nge-inflorescence, okungukuthi, izimbali zitholakala ekugcineni kwesiqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimbali zotshani zingaba ngongqingili noma i-hermaphroditic. Izithelo zotshani zingaba yimbewu (iningi lotshani lunembewu njengezithelo zabo), amantongomane, noma ama-caryopses.
Kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi utshani bukhiqiza impova eningi esatshalaliswa ngumoya. Ngakho-ke, utshani obukhiqiza kabusha ngokocansi, imbewu isakazwa sibonga isenzo somoya.
