Kwezilimi, igama lokwehluka kwezenhlalo liyabona ukuhlukahluka okukhona okukhona phakathi kwezindlela zokukhuluma zabantu, okuhlukile kokwehluka kolimi.
Kwenzeka ukuthi ukukhuluma akuyona neze isayensi ngqo, kepha kunalokho ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuncike ekudlulisweni komndeni kanye nomphakathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho yezinqubo ezithile ezinomthelela ekufundeni umuntu anakho kolimi nokusetshenziswa kwalo.
Igama 'lokuhlukahluka kwezenhlalo' lifaka phakathi uhla olukhulu lokwehlukanisa olunomthelela endleleni abantu abakhuluma ngayo, lapho i uhlaka lwezomnotho lapho kutholakala khona ngamunye.
Ngokuvamile, ubudlelwano bezenhlalo obethulwayo ngukuthi abantu abanesimo somnotho esicebile bafinyelele emazingeni emfundo abavumela ukuba babe nesilulumagama esinothile futhi bakwazi ukuveza imiqondo ebanzi kakhulu into umuntu ongafundile kangako kufinyelela kuphela ngobubanzi bamagama obuncane, obenza ukuthi baqale ukusebenzisa izinkulumo ezintsha ezithi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zibe ngezazo. Amagama amaningi aziwa ngokuthi "adumile" futhi aguqulwa aba yizifunda ezehlukene avela kula magama amasha. "
Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo zeRegional and Generational Lexicon
Isigaba 'sezenhlalo' singaxoxwa kuphela ngesisekelo sokuthi ukuhlukahluka kwezilimi nakho kunokuningi okuphathelene nalokho ngokwendawo. Kwenzeka ukuthi kube lula ukubona ukuthi emazweni ehlukene aphatha ulimi kujwayelekile ukuthi umehluko omkhulu uvele ngendlela yokuxhumana: izinkulumo, amagama ajwayelekile noma izinhlobo zokukhuluma ziyahlukahluka kuye ngezwe ngalinye (noma ngisho nezifunda ezingaphakathi kwayo). Kunoma ikuphi, lokhu kwehluka kubhekwa njengokuxhumana nabantu, ngoba ekugcineni kwenzeka maqondana nemiphakathi eyehlukene.
Ngalowo mqondo, isizathu ngasinye sokuthi kungani ulimi luguqulwa lwakha ukwahluka komphakathi. Zibhalwe ngezansi, zichaza ubukhulu bazo.
- Ukuhlukahluka kwezindawo: Njengoba kushiwo, indawo yokuhlala (futhi ikakhulukazi leyo yokufunda ulimi ngaphakathi) ibalulekile enkulumweni yabantu. Indlela ethile umphakathi ngamunye okufanele wenze ngayo inkulumo ibizwa ngokuthi ulimi lwesigodi, yize muva nje leli gama belilinganiselwe enkulumweni yabantu abangasekho, futhi lathathelwa indawo yi-geolect.
- Ukuhlukahluka kobuhlanga: Ngaphandle kwemingcele yezwe, amaqembu ezizwe abelana ngezindlela zokukhuluma kwesinye isikhathi eziveza lokho okubizwa ngama-ethnolects.
- Okuhlukile kobulili: Yize eNtshonalanga kwenzeka kancane nangaphansi, kwesinye isikhathi bekuvamile ukuthi amadoda akhulume ngendlela ehlukile kunabesifazane. Lezi zici zaziwa njenge-sexolect.
- Ukuhlukahluka kwe-diachronic: ukuguqulwa kolimi kwenziwa ngesikhathi, ngakho-ke kungalindelwa ukuthi abantu ababili abavela ezinkathini ezahlukahlukene bangabelani ngamakhodi amakhulu kulolo limi.
- Ukuhluka kweminyaka: ngomzuzu ofanayo, kujwayelekile ukuthi abantu beminyaka ehlukene bazi amagama ahlukile. Isitsotsi sentsha noma sobusha siyingxenye yalokhu kwehluka. Lokhu kwehluka kwaziwa ngokuthi ama-chronolects.
- Ukwahluka kobungcweti: Abantu abenza imisebenzi efanayo bavame ukuhlanganyela izindlela zokuveza imizwa yabo. Ubuchwepheshe bezinhlaka ezahlukahlukene zesayensi, ezaziwa ngama-technolects, zifakiwe lapha.
- Ukwahluka kokufundiswa: Njengoba kushiwo, izinga lemfundo elizuzwe ngumuntu liyisici esinqumayo endleleni yakhe yokuxhumana.
- Ukwahluka komongo: abantu abafanayo ezimeni ezithile bakhuluma ngandlela thile nakwezinye kwenye. ‘Ukubhalisa’ okwaziwayo kukhombisa lokhu, okwenza okuhlukile okusha.
- Izilimi ezingcwele: ezivamile ezizweni ezimbalwa, ziyizindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumana abantu abanazo kuphela ngezenzo zokuqukethwe okungokwenkolo okukhulu, ngokwezinkolelo zabo.
- Ukuhluka komugqa: Kujwayelekile ezindaweni lapho abantu bekhishwa inyumbazane (ikakhulukazi amajele, kepha futhi kwezinye izindawo izindawo eziyingozi) bakha izimbiza zabo, ezimele okuhlukile kwezenhlalo.
