-Delile
Butholakala kanjani utshwala be-ethyl?
I- ukuthola i-ethyl alcohol noma i-ethanol Kwenzeka kusuka emithonjeni emibili engaba khona; iphesenti elikhulu lalo mkhiqizo litholakala ekubiliseni izitshalo ezifana nomoba.
Kepha akunakwenzeka kuphela ukuthola i-ethyl alcohol kusuka ku-sucrose kamoba, kungenzeka futhi ukuthola le nhlanganisela kusuka kusitashi sommbila kanye ne-cellulose yezinkuni zezihlahla ezisawolintshi. I-ethyl alcohol etholwe kulokhu kuvutshelwa ixutshwe nophethiloli futhi isetshenziswa njengophethiloli.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni, le nhlanganisela itholakala nge-catalytic hydration ye-ethylene. Lesi sakamuva (esivela ku-ethane noma u-oyela) yigesi engenambala, exutshwe ne-sulfuric acid njenge-catalyst, ekhiqiza i-ethyl alcohol. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhlanganiswa, i-ethanol itholakala ngamanzi. Kamuva ukuhlanzwa kwalo kuyadingeka.
Ukuthola i-ethanol emobeni
Ukuvutshelwa
Le nqubo iqukethe ukuvutshelwa (kusetshenziswa imvubelo) ama-molasses omoba. Ngale ndlela kufanele kutholwe okuvutshiwe. Indlela yokukhipha utshwala kulokhu kumele ngokusebenzisa izigaba zokuphuza iziphuzo.
Lokhu kubila kukhiqiza ushintsho lwamakhemikhali kushukela. Lokhu kudalwa isenzo samakhemikhali ezakhi zamakhemikhali abizwa ngama-enzyme. La ma-enzyme enziwa ngama-microorganism aphilayo afana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zesikhunta. Okusetshenziswa kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwenqubo i- AmaSacharomicies Servericiae, owaziwa kangcono njenge imvubelo kabhiya.
I-Sulfuric acid, i-penicillin, i-ammonium phosphate, i-zinc sulfate, i-manganese sulphate, ne-magnesium sulphate yengezwa kule mvubelo yalo mkhiqizi. Ngenxa yale nqubo, kusuka ku-molecule eyodwa ye-sucrose, kutholakala ama-molecule amane (4) otshwala.
Ukuthola iwayini elihlanzekile
Ngemuva kwalokho, amapuleti nombhobho we-centrifuges asetshenziselwa ukukhipha imvubelo. Lokhu kuveza ukuhlukaniswa ngakolunye uhlangothi lwemvubelo (ngokuvumelana okune-ayisikhilimu okungasetshenziswa futhi komunye ukuvutshelwa uma kutholakala ukondleka okwanele nokujwayela) futhi kokunye kufanele ngaphandle kwemvubelo ethola igama le iwayini elihlanzekile.
Ikholomu yesiphuzo esihluziwe
Lapho iwayini elihlanzekile lingena kumakholomu we-distillation, kutholakala imikhiqizo emibili; ukuqothula kanye ne-phlegm. Ngenkathi ukweba kungenawo utshwala, i-phlegm inenhlanganisela yama-alcohol. Lezi zokugcina zizobe sezihlanzwa kumakholamu afana nama-distiller kepha abizwa ngokuthi ngabahlanzayo.
Amakholomu wokuhlikihla
Laba bahlanzayo bafeza ukuhlukaniswa kohlobo oludakayo olwehlukene njengama-esters, i-aldehydes, amaketoni, njll (okubizwa nangokuthi Ukunambitheka Okubi I-Ethyl Alcohols).
Inqubo yokuhlelwa kabusha
Ngenxa yenqubo yokuhlelwa kabusha, lezi Utshwala Bokunambitheka Okubi babuyela kukholamu. Ngale ndlela, bagxila e-phlegm ehlanzekile. Le phlegm idlala indima ebalulekile kukholamu yokulungisa; qhubeka nokugxilisa utshwala obuhlanziwe.
Ikholomu yokulungisa
Le kholamu yokugcina yokulungisa izogcina ihlukanise utshwala obuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, engxenyeni engezansi kuzoba ngamanzi notshwala obuphezulu; Ukunambitheka okungalungile kanye nama-isopropyl alcohol azohlala engxenyeni emaphakathi. Ekugcineni, phezulu kwekholomu, i- ukunambitheka okuhle kwe-ethyl alcohol ngephesenti elizungeze u-96 °.
