-Delile
I- izidalwa eziphilayo badinga umoya-mpilo ukuxhasa imetabolism yabo. Njengomkhiqizo wayo, bakhiqiza into enobuthi: isikhutha. Inqubo etholakala ngayo i-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide iyalahlwa ibizwa ukuphefumula.
Ukuphefumula okwaziwa kakhulu kithi yi- wamaphaphu: thina kanye nezilwane zethu eziseduze kakhulu (izinja, amakati, izinyoni, amahhashi, njll.) siphefumula ngohlelo lokuphefumula olugxile emaphashini. Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izindlela zokuphefumula.
I- uhlelo tracheal luhlobo lwesistimu yokuphefumula egxile ku-tracheae. Yakhiwe ngenethiwekhi yamashubhu angenalutho. La mashubhu mancane ububanzi njengoba angena ezicutshini. Amagesi angadlula kule nethiwekhi yamashubhu noma ngohlelo lokwenziwa (ukusakazeka) noma ngohlelo olusebenzayo (umoya omncane).
Okucacile kohlelo lwe-tracheal ukuthi amashubhu afinyelela kububanzi obuncane (ama-micrometer ambalwa) ukuthi anikeze amaseli i-oxygen ngqo, ngaphandle kokubandakanya uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi (njengoba kwenzeka ekuphefumuleni kwamaphaphu).
Izilwane ezinama-tracheas yilezi:
- Ama-arthropods: I-phylum yezilwane ehlukahlukene kakhulu futhi eminingi. Ngakho-ke, yize amanye ama-arthropods asemhlabeni anokuphefumula komqolo, awukho kuwo wonke. Ama-arthropods anjalo Izilwane ezingenamqolo banezinhlaka zamathambo ezingaphandle nezinhlanganisela ezihlangene.
- Onychophores: Yizilwane ezincane ezinemilenze eminingi ephela ngozipho nokumila okulingene. Ziyafana nezikelemu noma amacimbi, kodwa zinamehlo kanye / noma izimpondo. Ziphila ngokudla izinambuzane nama-arachnid ezibamba ngenxa yento eziyifihlayo, ezinamathelayo.
Izibonelo zokuphefumula kwetreacheal
Ama-Arachnids (Ama-arthropods): Ngaphezu kwezicabucabu, izingwejeje, izibungu kanye nofezela nazo zingama-arachnids. Bangaba nesinye sezitho ezilandelayo, noma zombili ngasikhathi sinye:
- Ama-Filotracheas: Lezi zitho zibizwa nangokuthi "incwadi yamaphaphu." Ziyizimbobo odongeni lwesisu (intussusception). Ngakolunye uhlangothi lodonga kune-lamellae: amafolda odongeni ahlanganiswe ngemigoqo. Igazi likula ma lamellae futhi ukushintshaniswa kwegesi kwenzeka lapho. Ngenxa yokusikwa kwemisipha yodonga olugudlile lwegumbi lomoya, ikamelo lingashaywa umoya. Ama-arachnids anamaphaphu encwadi kuphela angama-mesothelae (ama-arachnids akudala), ofezela, ama-uropygians, ama-amblipigians kanye nama-schizomids.
- I-Tracheae: Ziyafana nezinambuzane, okusho ukuthi, ziyinethiwekhi yamashubhu anamagatsha. Lapho ama-tracheas akhona, uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi luyancipha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-tracheas avumela i-oxygen ukuthi isatshalaliswe ngqo kumaseli futhi ayidingi ukungenelela kohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi. Ama-arachnids aphefumula ngama-tracheas yi-ricinulids, ama-pseudocorpoiones, ama-solífuos, ama-opiliones kanye nezibungu. I-Araneomorphs (izicabucabu ezine-diagonal chelicerae) imvamisa zinazo zombili izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe.
Ama-Myriapods (Ama-arthropods): Angama-centipedes, ama-millipedes, ama-pauropods kanye ne-symphyla. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-16,000 zama-myriapods. Isistimu yaso yokudonsa inesakhiwo esifana naleso sezinambuzane.
Izinambuzane (i-arthropods): Uhlelo lokudonsa izinambuzane lwenziwa nge:
- Ama-Stigmas (abuye abizwe nangokuthi imimoya): Angama-pores ayindilinga axhumanisa i-trachea nengaphandle. Abanye banomgodi (ikamelo noma i-atrium) enciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi nokuvimbela ukungena kwezinto ezingafuneki (uthuli noma izimuncagazi) ngenxa yezinwele noma ameva.
- Ama-tracheas: Lawa amashubhu okusakazwa ngawo amagesi okuphefumula. Zinamasongo okuvunguza abizwa ngama-tenidiums awavimbela ekuweni.
- Ama-trachealas: Yizingqinamba ze-tracheae, okungukuthi, zincane futhi zithwala amagesi ezicutshini. Zihlangana ngqo namaseli.
Onychophores: Zibizwa futhi ngokuthi ama-velvety worm. Bahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo futhi bathanda izindawo zomhlaba ezinomswakama. Izipopolo ezisohlelweni lwakho lwe-tracheal zinobubanzi obungaguquki. Iyunithi ngayinye yomzila incane futhi ihlinzeka nge-oksijini kuphela kwizicubu eziseduze.
Ingakusebenzela:
- Izilwane eziphefumula amaphaphu
- Izilwane eziphefumula isikhumba
- Izilwane eziphefumula i-Gill
