-Delile
I-acid ibhekwa njenganoma iyiphi inhlanganisela okuthi, uma ihlukaniswe nesisombululo esinamanzi, ikhiphe ama-hydrogen ions (H+) futhi iphendula ngama-molecule wamanzi ukukhiqiza ama-hydronium ions (H3NOMA+). Ama-Acids akhiwa ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-oxide namanzi, futhi ngenxa yalokho isisombululo esivelayo sithola i-pH ene-asidi, okungukuthi, engaphansi kuka-7.
Izisekelo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zakhiwa ngamakhemikhali okuthi kusixazululo samanzi akhiphe i-hydroxyl ions (OH '') futhi kubangele i-pH yesisombululo ukuba yeqe i-pH 7.
Umlando
Le ndlela yokuchaza ama-acid nezisekelo iyona endala kakhulu futhi iyingxenye yombono we-Arrhenius, osukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Eminyakeni ethile kamuva, uBrönsted noLowry bachaza ama-asidi njengezinto ezinganikela nge-proton (H+) nezisekelo ezifana nalezo ezingamukela i-proton (H+) enikezwe i-asidi. Kakade wangena ngekhulu lamashumi amabili, U-Lewis inqume ukuthi i-asidi yinto ekwazi ukwabelana noma ukwamukela ama-electron amabili, kuyilapho isisekelo singabelana noma sinikeze ama-electron.
Izici
Ama-acid ngokuvamile amuncu futhi ayonakalisa; izisekelo nazo ziyonakalisa, zinambitheka ebabayo nokuthinta insipho. Ukuthambekela kwe-asidi yokuhlukanisa nokunciphisa i-pH kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "amandla e-asidi." Ingabe izibonelo ze ama-asidi aqinile i-perchloric, i-sulfuric, i-hydroiodic, i-hydrobromic, i-hydrochloric ne-nitric.
Ngokufanayo, zingabhekwa njenge- izisekelo eziqinile i-potassium, i-sodium, i-lithium ne-magnesium hydroxide. I-Acetic, i-citric, ne-benzoic acid, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yi-acid ebuthakathaka; i-ammonia iyisisekelo esibuthakathaka.
Kwakhiwa kanjani usawoti?
I- uyaphuma yizakhi ze-ionic eziyinkimbinkimbi ehlukahlukene, ziningi ngokwemvelo futhi akhiwa inhlanganisela yama-asidi anezisekelo, okwenza ukukhululwa kwamanzi. Usawoti ungathathi hlangothi, u-acidic noma uyisisekelo. Esikhathini esidlule, wonke ama-athomu e-hydrogen akwi-asidi athathelwe indawo ngu-a i-cation yensimbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, usawoti one-asidi wonga i-athomu elilodwa noma amaningi e-hydrogen.
Futhi, nosawoti kungaba njalo kabili noma kathathu uma aqukethe i-cation engaphezu kweyodwa noma i-anion engaphezu kweyodwa. Isibonelo, i-calcium potassium fluoride ingusawoti ongathathi hlangothi kabili (CaKF3), ngoba iqukethe ama-cations amabili ahlukene. Okokugcina, kufanelekile ukuthi sisho usawoti oyisisekelo, lapho okungenani i-anion eyodwa i-hydroxide anion, njenge, isibonelo, ku-copper chloride trihydroxide (Cu2I-Cl (OH)3).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, baziwa njenge usawoti we-ternary noma ezemfundo ephakeme kulabo abatholakala ngokuhlanganisa insimbi ne-radical, njenge-sulfate, i-carbonate noma i-dichromate, kanye nosawoti we-quaternary ammonium kulabo lapho wonke ama-athomu e-hydrogen we-ammonium athathelwe indawo yi-radicals, njengasendabeni ye-tetramethylammonium chloride .
Ukusabalalisa nokubaluleka
I- ama-asidi Babaluleke kakhulu embonini nasendalweni. Isibonelo, i-hydrochloric acid iyingxenye yohlelo lwethu lokugaya ukudla futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi siphule izinhlanganisela zokudla ezikhona ekudleni. I-Deoxyribonucleic acid, eyaziwa kangcono njenge I-DNA, akha ama-chromosomes, okuyilapho imininingwane yezakhi zofuzo edingekayo ukuze izinto eziphilayo zande futhi zikhule ifakwa khona. I-Boric acid yinto evelele embonini yengilazi.
I- i-calcium carbonate Kuwusawoti omningi kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamatshe e-limestone. Ngokusebenza kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu (900 ° C), i-calcium carbonate itholakala nge-calcium oxide noma i-quicklime. Ukungeza amanzi ku-quicklime kukhiqiza i-calcium hydroxide, ebizwa nge-slaked lime, eyisisekelo. Lezi zinto zisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa.
