-Delile
I-ama-hydride Yizinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezihlanganisa ama-athomu e-hydrogen kuma-molecule awo (isimo sawo se-oxidation, ezimweni eziningi, -1) nama-athomu wanoma iyiphi enye into etafuleni lesikhathi.
Izigaba ezintathu zama-hydride ziyaqashelwa:
- Metallic metallic: Yilezo ezakhiwa ngezinto ezine-alkaline ne-alkaline-earth, okungukuthi, nalezo eziqhubeka ngakwesobunxele kwethebula lezikhathi lezinto. Ziyizinhlanganisela ezingezona eziguquguqukayo ezibonisa ukuqhuba. I-Hydrogen itholakala kubo njenge-hydride ion H¯. Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa ama-hydride akha izinsimbi ezikhetha kakhulu (kusuka kumaqembu 1 no-2); la ma-hydride avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-saline hydrides. Ama-hydride e-saline ngokuvamile amhlophe noma ama-solid solid atholakala ngokuphendula okuqondile kwensimbi nge-hydrogen emazingeni aphezulu okushisa.
- Ama-hydride ashintshashintshayo noma angewona okusansimbi:yilawo akhiwa ngezinto ezingezona ezensimbi kodwa engenamandla amancane, ikakhulukazi, ene-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-arsenic, i-antimony, i-bismuth, i-boron, i-carbon ne-silicon: konke lokhu kuthola amagama athile, ngaphezu kwesiqongo esivamile; konke kungama-metalloid noma izinsimbi ezivela ku-p block. Bangabizwa nangokuthi ama-hydride wamangqamuzana noma ama-covalent, ngoba anama-covalent bonds. Zakha amaminerali wezici ezithile. I-Silane, i-hydride kuleli qembu, inentshisekelo ekhulayo yenani layo ekwakhiweni kwama-nanoparticles.
- Ama-hydride e-hydrogen:) kuleli cala lokugcina kuphela lapho i-hydrogen isebenza ngenombolo yayo enhle ye-oxidation (+1) kanti enye into iyona esebenza ngenombolo ye-oxidation engakhi (-1 kuma-halogen, -2 kuma-amphogens).
Izibonelo zama-hydride
- I-sodium hydride (NaH)
- I-Phosphine (PH3)
- I-Barium hydride (BaH2)
- I-Bismutin (Bi2S3)
- I-hydride yePermanganic (MnH7)
- I-ammonia (NH3)
- I-Arsine (AsH3)
- I-Stibinite noma i-antimonite
- I-Hydrobromic acid (HBr)
- I-Borano (BH3)
- I-Methane (CH4)
- Isi-Silane (SiH₄)
- I-Hydrofluoric acid (HF)
- I-Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Idoyelo le-hydride (FeH3)
- I-Hydroiodic acid (HI)
- I-Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
- I-Selenhydric acid (H2Se)
- I-Tellurhydric acid (H2Te)
- I-lithium hydride (LiH)
Ukusetshenziswa kwama-hydrides
Phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwama-hydride singabala lawo ama-desiccants nezinciphisi, amanye asetshenziswa njenge- imithombo ye-hydrogen emsulwa.
I-calcium hydride ilusizo ngokukhethekile njengoba umenzeli woketshezi okhula yedwa. I-sodium hydride idinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu ekuphatheni, njengoba iphendula ngamandla ngamanzi futhi ingasha.
Uma umlilo uvela ngenxa yokokheleka kwale hydride, ungasebenzisi amanzi ukuwucisha, ngoba kuzokhiqiza amalangabi amaningi. Le mililo icishiwe nayo izicisha-mlilo eziyimpuphu.
