-Delile
- Izinhlobo Zama-Carbohydrate
- Izibonelo zama-monosaccharides
- Izibonelo zama-disaccharides
- Izibonelo zama-oligosaccharides
- Izibonelo zama-polysaccharides
I- ama-carbohydrate, ama-carbohydrate noma ama-carbohydrate angama-biomolecule akhiwe ngekhabhoni, i-hydrogen ne-oxygen. Amakhabhohayidrethi ayingxenye yemizimba yezinto eziphilayo egcwalisa imisebenzi yokuhleleka kwesakhiwo namandla.
Ngokuzisebenzisa ngaphakathi ukudla, nikela ngomthombo wamandla otholakala kalula (ngokungafani amafutha, equkethe amandla kepha edinga inqubo ende emzimbeni ukuwathola). Inqubo ebizwa ngayo ukuthi i-molecule ye-carbohydrate ikhipha amandla ayo namachibi.
Igremu ngalinye le-carbohydrate linikela Ama-kilocalories ama-4.
Izinhlobo Zama-Carbohydrate
Ngokwesakhiwo sawo, ama-carbohydrate ahlukaniswa abe:
- Ama-monosaccharides: Kwakhiwa yi-molecule eyodwa.
- Ama-Disaccharides: Kwakhiwa ama-molecule amabili we-monosaccharide, ahlanganiswe yisibopho se-covalent (isibopho se-glycosidic).
- Ama-Oligosaccharides: Yenziwe phakathi kwama-molecule we-monosaccharide aphakathi kwamathathu kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye. Zivame ukunamathiselwa amaprotheni, ngakho-ke bakha ama-glycoprotein.
- Ama-polysaccharides: Kwakhiwa ngamaketanga ama-monosaccharides ayishumi noma ngaphezulu. Amaketanga angahle noma angaxhunyaniswa. Ezingokwemvelo, zifeza imisebenzi yokwakheka neyokugcina.
Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo zeMonosaccharides, Disaccharides nePolysaccharides
Izibonelo zama-monosaccharides
I-Arabinosa: Ayitholakali mahhala emvelweni.
URibose: Kutholakala ku:
- Isibindi senkomo
- Ingulube ishiya
- Amakhowe
- Isipinashi
- I-broccoli
- I-asparagus
- Ubisi olungasetshenzisiwe
UFructose: Kutholakala ku:
- UCarob
- Ama-Plums
- Ama-apula
- UTamarind
- S'thandwa
- Amakhiwane
- Amagilebhisi
- Utamatisi
- Ukhukhunathi
I-glucose: Kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuhle ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Kutholakala ku:
- Imikhiqizo yobisi
- Amantongomane
- Izinhlamvu
IGalactose: Ayitholakali esimweni sayo semvelo.
UMannose Ekudleni, itholakala ngemidumba.
I-Xylose: Kunzima ukugaya, kutholakala kokudla okulandelayo:
- Ukolweni
- Amakhoba ommbila
Izibonelo zama-disaccharides
I-Sucrose: Yakhiwa yi-molecule eyodwa ye-glucose kanye ne-fructose eyodwa. Iyona disaccharide egcwele kakhulu. Kokudla, kutholakala ku:
- Izithelo
- Imifino
- Ushukela
- I-Beetroot
- Iziphuzo ezimnandi ezimbonini
- Amaswidi
- Amaswidi
I-Lactose: Yakhiwe ngemolekyuli ye-galactose kanye ne-molecule ye-glucose. Kokudla, kutholakala ku:
- Ubisi
- I-yogurt
- Ushizi
- Olunye ubisi
I-Maltose: Yakhiwa ngama-molecule amabili e-glucose. Yisona disaccharide ejwayelekile kunayo yonke emvelweni, kepha senziwa ngokwemboni. Kokudla, kutholakala ku:
- Ubhiya
- Isinkwa
I-Cellobiose: Yakhiwa ngama-molecule amabili e-glucose. Akunjalo ngokwemvelo.
Izibonelo zama-oligosaccharides
URaffinose: Itholakala ku:
- Amahlanga kabhungane
I-Melicitosa: Yakhiwe ngemolekyuli eyodwa ye-fructose namabili we-glucose. Kokudla, kutholakala ku:
Izibonelo zama-polysaccharides
Isitashi: Itholakala ezitshalweni ngoba yindlela abagcina ngayo ama-monosaccharides. Ekudleni, zitholakala ku
- Isitshalo
- Ubaba
- Ithanga
- Ugalonci
- Amaphuphu
- Ukolweni
- Itheniphu
IGlycogen: Igcinwa emisipheni nasesibindi ukunikeza amandla. Ekudleni kutholakala ku:
- Izimbali
- Isinkwa
- Ilayisi
- IPasta
- Izambane
- Isitshalo
- i-apula
- iwolintshi
- I-oatmeal
- I-yogurt
I-cellulose: I-polysaccharide yesakhiwo, itholakala odongeni lweseli ikakhulukazi lwezitshalo, kodwa nezinye izidalwa. Yilokho ekudleni esikubiza nge- "fiber":
- Isipinashi
- Ulethisi
- Ama-apula
- Imbewu
- Izinhlamvu eziphelele
- Uphayinaphu
I-Chitin: Iyafana nokwakheka kwe-cellulose, kepha ine-nitrogen ku-molecule yayo, eyenza ukuthi imelane kakhulu. Isetshenziswa njengesiqinisi sokudla.
Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo ezingama-Carbohydrate (nomsebenzi wazo)
