Ukuhlanganiswa, Ukuqiniswa, Ukuhwamuka, Ukuncishiswa Kwezinga Lokushisa kanye Nokushuba Kwamanzi

-Delile

• Izibonelo ze-Fusion
• Izibonelo zokuqina
• Izibonelo zokuhwamuka
• Izibonelo ze-sublimation
• Izibonelo zokwehliswa

Kunezinqubo ezahlukahlukene zomzimba lapho udaba lungashintsha isimo kancane kancane, lushintshane okuqinile, ketshezi futhi gaseous ngokusho kwezimo ezithile zokucindezela futhi izinga lokushisa engaphansi kwayo, kanye ne- isenzo sokuvuselela ethize.

Lokhu kungenxa yenani lamandla lapho izinhlayiya zalo zidlidlizela khona, okuvumela ukusondela okukhulu noma okuncane phakathi kwazo futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuguqule isimo somzimba into embuzweni.

Lezi zinqubo yilezi: ukuhlanganiswa, ukuqina, ukuhwamuka, ukuthambisa nokuqinisa.

• I- ukuhlanganiswa Kuyindlela esuka kokuqinile iye ezintweni eziwuketshezi njengoba izinga lokushisa kwayo landa (kuze kufike lapho lincibilika khona).
• I- ukuqinisa yisimo esiphikisayo, kusuka kuketshezi kuya kokuqinile, noma kusuka kugesi kuya kokuqinile (okubizwa nangokuthi crystallization noma sebethule), lapho kususwa izinga lokushisa.
• I- ukuhwamuka Kusho ukuguquka kusuka kuketshezi kuya esimweni segesi ngokwandisa izinga lokushisa (kuze kufike endaweni yalo ebilayo).
• I- Sublimation Kuyafana, kepha akuvamile kakhulu: ukuguquka kusuka kokuqinile kuya kwegesi, ngaphandle kokudlula esimweni soketshezi.
• I- ukufingqa noma imvula, iguqula amagesi abe uketshezi kusuka ekushintsheni kwengcindezi noma izinga lokushisa.

Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo ze-Solid, Liquid ne-Gaseous

Izibonelo ze-Fusion

1. Ncibilikisa iqhwa. Ngokwandisa izinga lokushisa kweqhwa, noma ulishiye ekamelweni lokushisa noma ulifake emlilweni, lizolahlekelwa ukuqina kwalo futhi libe ngamanzi angamanzi.
2. Ncibilikisa izinsimbi. Izimboni ezahlukahlukene zensimbi zisebenza ngokususelwa ekuncibilikeni kwezinhloso kumafutha amakhulu ezimboni, ukuze zikwazi ukuzilolonga noma ukuzihlanganisa nabanye (ama-alloys).
3. Ncibilikisa amakhandlela. Amakhandlela, enziwe ngophalafini kusuka ama-hydrocarbon, ihlala iqinile emazingeni okushisa ekamelweni, kepha lapho ingaphansi komlilo wentambo, iyancibilika iphinde ibe uketshezi futhi ize ipholise futhi.
4. Umagma wentaba-mlilo. Ifakwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu namazinga okushisa, le nto ehlala esikhunjeni somhlaba ingacatshangwa njengedwala elibunjiwe noma elincibilikisiwe.
5. Shisa amapulasitiki. Ngokwandisa ukushisa kwabo kube yizimo ezijwayelekile, amapulasitiki athile asheshe abe uketshezi, yize ephinda aqinise ngokushesha nje lapho ilangabi lingathintani ngqo nabo.
6. Hlanganisa ushizi. Ushizi yi-coagate yobisi evame ukuqina kancane noma kancane ekamelweni lokushisa, kepha uma ifakwa ekushiseni iba uketshezi ize iphinde iphinde iphole.
7. Izinsimbi. Inqubo yokushisela ibandakanya ukuhlanganiswa kwensimbi nge ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ukushisa okuphezulu, okukuvumela ukuthi ujoyine ezinye izingxenye zensimbi njengoba zingaqinile kangako futhi, lapho zipholisa, zithole amandla azo ndawonye.

Buka Okuningi: Izibonelo Eziqinile Zoketshezi

Izibonelo zokuqina

1. Guqula amanzi abe yiqhwa. Uma sisusa ukushisa (amandla) emanzini aze afike endaweni yawo yokubanda (0 ° C), uketshezi luzolahlekelwa ukuhamba kwalo futhi luzongena esimweni esiqinile: iqhwa.
2. Yenza izitini zobumba. Izitini zenziwa ngenhlanganisela yobumba nezinye izinto ezinamathiselwe oketshezi olunamanzi amancane, athola ukwakheka kwawo okuthile esikhunjeni. Lapho sebefikile, bayabhakwa ukuze basuse umswakama futhi babanike amandla nokumelana nawo.
3. Ukwakhiwa kwamatshe egneous. Lolu hlobo lwedwala luvela embazaneni wentaba-mlilo owuketshezi ohlala ezingxenyeni ezijulile zoqweqwe lomhlaba okuthi lapho luhluma ngaphezulu, luphole, luqine futhi luqine, luze lube yitshe eliqinile.
4. Yenza uswidi. Amaswidi enziwa ngokushisa nangokuncibilikisa ushukela ezivamile, kuze kutholakale into enoketshezi olunsundu. Uma seyithelwe kusikhunta, iyavunyelwa ukupholisa futhi iqine, ngaleyo ndlela ithole i-caramel.
5. Yenza amasoseji. Amasoseji afana ne-chorizo ​​noma isoseji yegazi enziwa ngegazi lesilwane, ajiwe futhi afakwe ubisi, aphulukiswe ngaphakathi kwesikhumba samathumbu engulube.
6. Yenza ingilazi. Le nqubo iqala ngokuhlanganiswa kwe- impahla eluhlaza (isihlabathi se-silica, i-calcium carbonate ne-limestone) emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, ize ifinyelele esimeni esifanele sokuyishaya nokuyakha. Le nhlanganisela iyavunyelwa ukuba ipholile futhi ithola ukuqina nokuvela obala kwayo.
7. Yenza amathuluzi. Kusuka ensimbi engamanzi (i-alloy yensimbi nekhabhoni) noma i-cast, kwenziwa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene nezitsha zokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. Insimbi ketshezi ivunyelwe ukupholisa nokuqina kusikhunta futhi ngaleyo ndlela ithuluzi liyatholakala.

Buka Okuningi: Izibonelo kusuka ku-Liquids kuya ku-Solids

Izibonelo zokuhwamuka

1. Bilisa amanzi. Ngokuletha amanzi afike ku-100 ° C (indawo abila kuyo), izinhlayiya zayo zithatha amandla amaningi kangangoba zilahlekelwa uketshezi futhi zibe umusi.
2. Izingubo zilenga. Ngemuva kokuwasha, silenga izingubo ukuze ukushisa kwemvelo kuqhume umswakama osalile futhi izindwangu zihlale zomile.
3. Intuthu yekhofi. Umusi ovela enkomishini eshisayo yekhofi noma yetiye uyingxenye yamanzi akhona ku- ingxube okuba yisimo segesi.
4. Ukujuluka. Amaconsi esithukuthuku isikhumba sethu asikhipha aphumele emoyeni, ngaleyo ndlela apholise izinga lokushisa lendawo yethu (kukhipha ukushisa).
5. Utshwala noma i-ether. Lezi zinto, ezisele ekamelweni lokushisa, zizohwamuka ngesikhathi esifushane, ngoba iphuzu lazo lokuhwamuka liphansi kakhulu kunelamanzi, ngokwesibonelo.
6. Thola usawoti wasolwandle. Umhwamuko wamanzi olwandle ulahlekelwa usawoti obevame ukuncibilika kuwo, ukuvumela ukuthi uqoqelwe ukusetshenziswa kokudla noma okwezimboni, noma ngisho nokukhipha amanzi emanzini (lawo avela emsini angashintshwa abe uketshezi, manje olungenasawoti).
7. Umjikelezo wamanzi. Okuwukuphela kwendlela amanzi asemvelweni akhuphukela ngayo emkhathini futhi angaphola ngayo ukuze acuthe futhi (lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umjikelezo wamanzi), ukuthi aphume izilwandle, amachibi nemifula, lapho kufudunyezwa emini ngokusebenza kwelanga ngqo.

Buka Okuningi: Izibonelo Zokuhwamuka

Izibonelo ze-sublimation

1. Iqhwa elomile. Ekamelweni lokushisa, iqhwa elenziwe nge-carbon dioxide (CO₂, iqale yangcoliswa bese iqhwa) ithola ifomu layo lokuqala legesi.
2. Ukuhwamuka emapalini. Njengoba e-Arctic nase-Antarctic amanzi engekho esimweni sawo soketshezi (angaphansi kuka-0 ° C), ingxenye yawo ifakwa ngqo emkhathini ivela kuhlobo lwayo oluqinile lweqhwa.
3. UNaphthalene. Yenziwe ngamasongo amabili e-benzene, le nto eqinile esetshenziswa njengemithi yokuxosha amabhu nezinye izilwane inyamalala yodwa njengoba iguquka, ekamelweni lokushisa, kusuka esiqongweni kuya kwigesi.
4. I-Arsenic sublimation. Lapho ilethwa ku-615 ° C, le nto eqinile (futhi enobuthi kakhulu) ilahlekelwa yifomu layo eliqinile futhi iba yigesi, ngaphandle kokudlula kuketshezi olusendleleni.
5. Ukuvuka kwezinkanyezi ezinomsila. Njengoba besondela elangeni, la matshe ahambayo athola ukushisa kanye ne-CO eningi₂ iqhwa liqala ukunciphisa, lilandelela "umsila" owaziwayo noma umzila obonakalayo.
6. Iodine Sublimation. Amakristalu e-iodine, lapho efudunyezwa, aguqulwa abe yigesi ephuzi kakhulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuncibilika kuqala.
7. Sulphur Sublimation. I-Sulphur ivame ukubukelwa phansi njengendlela yokuthola i- "flower of sulphur", isethulo sayo esenziwe ngophawuda omuhle kakhulu.

Buka Okuningi: Izibonelo ezisuka ku-Solid to Gaseous (nenye indlela ezungezile)

Izibonelo zokwehliswa

1. Umbethe wasekuseni. Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa elangeni ngezikhathi zasekuseni kuvumela ukuncipha komhwamuko wamanzi emoyeni ezindaweni ezivulekile, lapho kuba ngamaconsi amanzi aziwa njengamazolo.
2. Izibuko zezibuko. Njengoba kunikezwe ukubanda kobuso babo, izibuko nengilazi yizindawo ezamukelayo zokuncipha komphunga wamanzi, njengoba kwenzeka lapho ushawa ngamanzi ashisayo.
3. Ukujuluka yiziphuzo ezibandayo. Ukuba sezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kunemvelo, ingaphezulu lekani noma ibhodlela eligcwele isoda ebandayo lithola umswakama ovela emvelweni bese liwugcina ube ngamaconsi abizwa ngokuthi "umjuluko."
4. Umjikelezo wamanzi. Umhwamuko wamanzi emoyeni oshisayo uvame ukukhuphukela ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zomkhathi, lapho uhlangana khona nezingxenye zomoya obandayo bese ulahlekelwa isimo somoya, ugoqana ungene emafwini emvula azowubuyisela esimweni esimanzi emhlabeni.
5. Ama-air conditioners. Akukhona ukuthi le mishini ikhiqiza amanzi, kodwa ukuthi iwaqoqa emoyeni ozungezile, ebanda kakhulu kunangaphandle, bese iwafaka ngaphakathi kuwe. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ixoshwe ngomsele wokuhambisa amanzi.
6. Ukuphathwa kwegesi yezimboni. Amagesi amaningi avuthayo, njenge-butane noma i-propane, angaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu yokuwaletha esimweni sawo soketshezi, okwenza kube lula ukuthutha nokuphatha.
7. Inkungu efasiteleni langaphambili. Uma ushayela ebhange lenkungu, uzobona ukuthi ifasitela lomoya ligcwele amaconsi amanzi, njengemvula elula kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthintana komphezulu wamanzi nobuso, okuthi, ngokuba kubanda, kuthande ukufinyela kwawo.

Buka Okuningi: Izibonelo ze-Condensation