-Delile
I-Chemistry yisayensi efunda okubalulekile, maqondana nokwakheka kwayo, isakhiwo nezakhiwo zayo. Iphinde icwaninge ngoshintsho olubalulekile olwenzekayo, olungenzeka ngenxa yokusabela kwamakhemikhali noma ukungenelela kwamandla.
Kufaka amakhono ahlukile:
- I-chemistry yemvelo: izinhlanganisela zokutadisha nezisuselwa kukhabhoni.
- I-chemistry engaphili: kubhekiswa kuzo zonke izinto nezinhlanganisela ngaphandle kwalezo ezithathwe kukhabhoni.
- I-chemistry yomzimba: funda ubudlelwano phakathi kwendaba namandla ekuphenduleni.
- I-Analytic chemistry: usungula izindlela namasu okuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ezinto.
- I-Biochemistry: funda i- ukusabela kwamakhemikhali ezikhula ezintweni eziphilayo.
Ukwahlukaniswa phakathi kwamakhemikhali aphilayo kanye nezinto ezingaphili kuvela ngesikhathi lapho onke amakhompiyutha ekhabhoni avela izidalwa eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, njengamanje kunezinto eziqukethe ikhabhoni ezifundwa ngamakhemikhali angavamile: i-graphite, idayimane, ama-carbonates nama-bicarbonates, i-carbide.
Yize phambilini bekukhona ukwahlukana phakathi kwamakhemikhali aphilayo nawezinto ezingaphili ngoba owesibili bekuyiyona esetshenziswe ku umkhakhaNjengamanje kunenkambu ebanzi yokusetshenziswa kwezimboni ngamakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo, njenge-pharmacology ne-agrochemistry.
Zombili lezi zindlela zifunda ukusabela nokuxhumana kwe- izakhi futhi izinhlanganisela, umehluko ukuthi i-organic chemistry igxila kuma-molecule akhiwa yi-carbon + hydrogen + oxygen, kanye nokusebenzisana kwawo namanye ama-molecule.
- Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo zeChemistry empilweni yansuku zonke
Izifundo ezingajwayelekile zamakhemikhali:
- Izinto ezihlanganayo zethebula lezikhathi.
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali.
- I-chemistry yezinsimbi ezihlanganisiwe zensimbi.
Izifundo ze-organic chemistry:
- Ukuziphatha kwama-molecule ekhabhoni.
- Izinqubo zamakhemikhali ezenzeka esitokisini.
- Izimo zamakhemikhali okuncike kuzo izidalwa eziphilayo.
- I-Metabolism yezinto zamakhemikhali ezilwaneni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi abantu.
I- izinhlanganisela eziphilayo njengamanje zingaba zemvelaphi yemvelo noma yokwenziwa.
Yize kungokukhethekile okuhlukile, zombili lezi zinhlaka zinamaphuzu afanayo futhi zingahlanganiswa ukufeza izinhloso ezahlukahlukene (imboni, ukudla, i-petrochemical, njll.)
Izibonelo zamakhemikhali angavamile
- ubunjiniyelaUkwakhiwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesakhiwo noma imishini kudinga ulwazi lwamakhemikhali wezinto ezisetshenzisiwe (ukumelana, ukuqina, ukuguquguquka, njll.). Igatsha le-chemistry engajwayelekile elisebenza ngalesi sihloko yisayensi yezinto zokwakha.
- Izifundo zokungcola: I-Geochemistry (igatsha le-chemistry engaphili) ihlola ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, umkhathi nomhlabathi.
- Ukwazisa ngamatshe: Inani lamaminerali linqunywa ukwakheka kwawo kwamakhemikhali.
- I-oxide: ukubonakala kokugqwala ezinsimbi kuyisenzo esifundwa ngamakhemikhali angaphili. Abadwebi bokulwa nokugqwala batholakala ngenxa yokungenelela kwamakhemikhali angajwayelekile ekwakhiweni kwawo.
- Ukukhiqizwa kwensipho: THEi-hydroxide I-Sodium iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali engajwayelekile esetshenziselwa ukwenza insipho.
- Usawoti: Usawoti ojwayelekile uyinhlanganisela engaphili esiyisebenzisa nsuku zonke.
- Amabhethri: Amaseli wokuhweba noma amabhethri aqukethe i-oxide yesiliva.
- Iziphuzo ezi-fizzyIziphuzo ezenziwe ngeCarbonated zenziwa nge-inorganic chemical phosphoric acid.
Izibonelo ze-organic chemistry
- Ukukhiqizwa kwensipho: Njengoba sibonile, insipho ikhiqizwa yikhemikhali elingaphili. Kodwa-ke, zingafaka amakhemikhali aphilayo njengamafutha ezilwane noma owoyela bemifino kanye nama-essence.
- UkuphefumulaUkuphefumula kungenye yezinqubo ezifundwa yi-organic chemistry, ukubona ukuthi umoya-mpilo uhlotshaniswa kanjani nezinto ezahlukahlukene (eziphilayo nezinto ezingaphili) ukudlula kusuka emoyeni, ohlelweni lokuphefumula, ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi futhi ekugcineni kumaseli.
- Isitoreji samandla: I lipids futhi ama-carbohydrate zingama-organic compounds akhonza izidalwa eziphilayo ukugcina amandla.
- Imithi elwa namagciwane: Ama-antibiotic angaqukatha izinto eziphilayo nezingaphili. Noma kunjalo, ukwakheka kwabo kuya ngolwazi lwe- ama-microorganisms lokho kuthinta umzimba.
- Izinto zokuvikela: Izinto eziningi zokuvikela ezisetshenziselwa ukudla ziyizinto ezingaphili, kepha ziphendula izici zamakhemikhali aphilayo ekudleni.
- ImigomoImithi yokugoma iyancishiswa imithamo yezinto ezibanga izifo. Ukuba khona kwalezi zinambuzane ezincane kuvumela umzimba ukuthi wakhe ama-antibody adingekayo ukuze angangenwa yilesi sifo.
- Amapende: Upende wenziwa nge-acetaldehyde.
- Utshwala (i-ethanol): Utshwala yinto ephilayo enokusetshenziswa okuningi: ukubulala amagciwane, ukufaka umbala, iziphuzo, izimonyo, ukulondolozwa kokudla, njll.
- Igesi yakwaButane: Isetshenziswa emakhaya ukupheka, ukufudumeza noma ukufudumeza amanzi.
- Polyethylene: Yipulasitiki esetshenziswa kakhulu futhi yenziwa nge-ethylene, i-alkene hydrocarbon.
- Isikhumba: Isikhumba ngumkhiqizo ophilayo ofinyelela ukuvumelana kwawo kokugcina ngenxa yenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukushuka, lapho kungenelela khona i-organic chemical acetaldehyde.
- Izibulala-zinambuzaneImithi yokubulala izinambuzane ingafaka izinto ezingaphili, kodwa nezinto eziphilayo, njenge-chlorobenzene, a i-hydrocarbon Iphunga elisetshenziswa njenge-solution ye-pesticides.
- Irabha: Injoloba ingaba yemvelo (etholakala kusiphuzo sesitshalo) noma eyenziwayo, eyenziwe nge-butene, i-alkene hydrocarbon.
- I-Agrochemical: Imikhiqizo etholakala ku-aniline, uhlobo lwe-amine, isetshenziswa kuma-agrochemicals.
- Izithako zokudla: Izithako eziningi zokudla zifaka izinto ezingaphili ezifana ne- uyaphuma futhi amaminerali. Kodwa-ke, zifaka nezinto eziphilayo ezifana ne ama-amino acid.
Buka Okuningi: Izibonelo ze-Organic Chemistry
