Izibonelo ezingama-20 ze-Empirical Sciences - Encyclopedia

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Umehluko phakathi kwesayensi yezobuciko namanye amasayensi
Izinhlobo zesayensi yezobuciko
Izibonelo ezivela kusayensi yezobuciko

I- isayensi yezobuciko Yilezo eziqinisekisa noma ezithethelela imibono yazo ngokusebenzisa ulwazi oluthile nokubona umhlaba ngezinzwa. Kungakho igama layo, lisuselwa egameni lasendulo lesiGreki indlovukazi okusho ukuthi 'isipiliyoni'. Indlela ehamba phambili yalolu hlobo lwesayensi yi-hypothetico-deductive.

Esho indlela ye-hypothetico-deductive Kuthatha ukuthi isayensi yezobuciko izalwa ngokuhlangenwe nakho nangokubuka umhlaba, futhi ngalezo zinqubo ezifanayo bazoqinisekisa iziqu zabo, bezama ukubikezela noma ukuthola imiphumela etholakele, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuzanywa kokuhlola kwesimo esibonwayo.

Bhekafuthi: Izibonelo Zendlela Yesayensi

Umehluko phakathi kwesayensi yezobuciko namanye amasayensi

I- isayensi yezobuciko zehlukaniswa isayensi ehlelekile ngemizamo yabo engcono yokuqinisekisa ifayili le- umbono ngokuqinisekiswa kokuhlangenwe nakho, okungukuthi, ngokuhlangenwe nakho nangokubona, noma lokhu akusho ukuthi ukuhlolwa.

Eqinisweni, wonke amasayense okuhlola ayizayensi yezobuciko, kepha akuzona zonke izayensi ezinamandla okuhlola: abanye bangasebenzisa izindlela zokuqinisekisa ezingezona ezokuhlola, njenge ukubhekisisa Mina i ukuhambisana.

Ngokomthetho, isayensi yezobuciko phikisana ne- isayensi ehlelekile ngokuthi lokhu kokugcina akudingi inqubo yokuqinisekisa nenqubo yokulungisa, kepha kunalokho benze ucwaningo lwezinhlelo ezihambisanayo ezinemithetho yemithetho yazo engafani neze neyomhlaba wemvelo, njengoba kunjalo ngezibalo.

Izinhlobo zesayensi yezobuciko

Isayensi yezobuciko ihlukaniswe ngamagatsha amabili amakhulu:

Isayensi Yemvelo. Benza ucwaningo lomhlaba ophathekayo nemithetho yawo, ngakho konke esikusho "ngemvelo." Bayaziwa futhi ngokuthi isayensi enzima ngenxa yokunemba kwayo nokuqinisekisa kwayo.
Isayensi yabantu noma yezenhlalo. Esikhundleni salokho, Isayensi yezenhlalo noma asebenzelana kahle nomuntu, ozimiso zakhe ezingaphenduli emithethweni nasezinkambisweni ezichaza umhlaba wonke, kepha kumikhuba kanye nokuhlukaniswa kokuziphatha. Banikela ngombono omncane kakhulu weqiniso kunesayensi elukhuni.

Izibonelo ezivela kusayensi yezobuciko

Okomzimba. Iqondwa njengencazelo yamandla asebenza emhlabeni wangempela kusuka kumamodeli wezibalo asetshenziswayo, ukwakha imithetho echazayo nokuyibikezela. Kuyisayensi yemvelo.
I-Chemistry. Kuyisayensi ephethe ukutadisha imithetho elawula udaba nobudlelwano phakathi kwezinhlayiya zayo (ama-athomu nama-molecule), kanye nokuxubana nezimo zenguquko ezithinteka kuzo. Kubuye kube yisayensi yemvelo.
Ibhayoloji. Okuthiwa yisayensi yokuphila, ngoba inentshisekelo ngemvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo nezinqubo zazo ezahlukahlukene zokuthuthuka, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo nokuzala. Ingabe i- Isayensi yemvelo, kunjalo.
I-chemistry yomzimba. Yazalwa ivela ku-physics nakumakhemikhali, ihlanganisa lezo zikhala zokuhlangenwe nakho nokuhlolwa okudinga ukubukwa kabili kwendaba nezinqubo zayo, ukuze kunqunywe izinqubo zayo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle ngasikhathi sinye. Kunengqondo isayensi yemvelo.
ukwakheka komhlaba. Isayensi ezinikele ekutadisheni izinqubo zezingqimba ezahlukahlukene zobuso beplanethi yethu, inaka umlando wayo we-geochemical kanye ukushisa komhlaba. Kubuye kube yisayensi yemvelo.
Umuthi. Le sayensi inikezelwe ekutadisheni impilo nempilo yomuntu, izama ukuqonda ukusebenza okuyinkimbinkimbi komzimba wethu kumathuluzi abolekwe kolunye isayensi yemvelo, njengamakhemikhali, i-biology noma i-physics. Ngokuqinisekile kuyisayensi yemvelo.
I-Biochemistry. Leli gatsha lesayensi lihlanganisa izimiso zamakhemikhali kanye ne-biology ukucubungula ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana nokuncane kwezinto eziphilayo, kufundwa ngendlela izakhi ze-athomu yemizimba yabo isebenza ngezinqubo ezithile. Kuyisayensi yemvelo.
Isayensi yezinkanyezi. Isayensi ephathelene nokuchaza nokutadisha ubudlelwano obuphakathi kwezinto ezisemkhathini, kusuka ezinkanyezini nasemaplanethi akude kuye emithethweni engatholwa ngokubuka indawo yonke ngaphandle kweplanethi yethu. Kungenye isayensi yemvelo.
I-Oceanography. Ucwaningo lwezilwandle, ngokombono webhayoloji, wamakhemikhali nowomzimba, ukuzama ukuchaza ngokusemandleni akho imithetho eyingqayizivele esebenza indawo yonke yasolwandle. Kubuye kube yisayensi yemvelo.
I-Nanoscience. Leli yigama elinikezwe ukutadisha amasistimu esikali sawo esingama-submolecular, ukuze kuqondwe amandla avela phakathi kwezinhlayiya zalezizilinganiso bese uzama ukuwasebenzisa nge-nanotechnology.
I-Anthropology. Ukutadisha komuntu, ukukhuluma kabanzi, ukuya ekubonakalisweni kwezenhlalo namasiko emiphakathini yabo kuwo wonke umlando wabo nasemhlabeni. Kuyisayensi yezenhlalo, okungukuthi, isayensi "ethambile".
Ezomnotho. Ibhekene nokufundwa kwezinsizakusebenza, ukwakhiwa kwengcebo nokusatshalaliswa nokusetshenziswa kwe izimpahla nezinsizakalo, ebhekene nokwaneliseka kwezidingo zohlanga lwesintu. Kubuye kube yisayensi yezenhlalo.
Ezenhlalo. Isayensi yezenhlalo ngokusebenza kahle, inikela intshisekelo yayo emiphakathini yabantu nakokuhlukile izenzakalo zamasiko, ezobuciko, ezenkolo nezomnotho ezenzeka kuzo.
Psychology. Isayensi egxile ekutadisheni izinqubo kanye nemibono yengqondo yomuntu, ehambele umongo wayo ngokomzimba nangokwenhlalo kanye nezigaba ezahlukahlukene zomthethosisekelo noma zentuthuko. Kubuye kube yisayensi yezenhlalo.
Umlando. Isayensi inhloso yayo yokufunda yisikhathi esedlule sobuntu futhi esikhuluma ngayo kusuka ezinqolobaneni, ubufakazi, izindaba kanye nanoma ikuphi okunye ukwesekwa kwesikhathi. Yize kunempikiswano ngakho, kwamukelwa kabanzi ukubhekwa njengesayensi yezenhlalo.
Izilimi. Isayensi yezenhlalo enesithakazelo ezilimini ezahlukahlukene zabantu kanye nezinhlobo zokuxhumana ngomlomo kwale ndoda.
Kwesokudla. Ebizwa nangokuthi isayensi yezomthetho, imvamisa ifaka inkolelo yezomthetho nefilosofi yezomthetho, kanye nezindlela ezingahle zenziwe ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene zomthethonqubo wezomthetho owenziwe yiZwe elihlukile ukuphatha ezenhlalo, ezepolitiki nezomnotho kwabantu babo.
Izincwadi. Ibhekene nokufundwa kwezinqubo zangaphakathi zemitapo yolwazi, ukuphathwa kwezinsizakusebenza zabo kanye nezinhlelo zangaphakathi zokuhlela izincwadi. Akufanele ididaniswe nesayensi yomtapo wolwazi futhi ibuye ibe yisayensi yezenhlalo.
Ubugebengu. Yize kuyisifundo esidlulisa izinto eziningi futhi esihlukahlukene, kuvame ukufakwa kusayensi yezenhlalo. Inhloso yayo yokufunda ubugebengu nezigebengu, eziqondwa njengezici eziqondakalayo zabantu ezisuka kumathuluzi ezenhlalo, ezengqondo kanye nezinye izayensi ezihlobene nomphakathi.
IJografi. Isayensi yezenhlalakahle ephethe incazelo kanye nokubonakaliswa okucacile kobuso beplanethi yethu, kufaka phakathi izilwandle nolwandle kanye nezindawo ezahlukahlukene, ukukhululeka, izifunda kanye nemiphakathi eyakhelayo.