Umlobi:
Laura McKinney
Usuku Lokudalwa:
8 Epreli 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku:
1 Ujulayi 2024
-Delile
I- Amaketanga e-Trophic noma amaketanga okudla angamandla noma imijikelezo yokudla okunempilo phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezibandakanyeka emphakathini ophilayo, lapho ngamunye uzondla kusuka kowedlule.
Ubizwa ngegamaIzinga le-trophickusixhumanisi ngasinye kuleli chungechunge, esinquma ubudlelwano bezinhlobo nalabo phezulu noma phansi kuketanga: izidlo nezidlo ngokulandelana. Kodwa-ke, kungumjikelezo wokuphendula lapho izidumbu ezinkulu zifa futhi zisekela ama-microorganisms kanye nama-scavenger adla izinsalela zawo.
Ngokubanzi nje, uchungechunge lokudla lwakhiwa umugqa wokuqala wabakhiqizi (imvamisa i-photosynthetic), isixhumanisi sezilwane ezidla imifino noma abavuni, bese kuthi ukulandelana kwezilwane ezilandelanayo kukhuphuke kuze kufike enkulu kunazo zonke.
Izinkinga zeketanga le-trophic zikhomba ekunyamalaleni kwesixhumanisi esithile esiphakathi, okungaholela ekwandeni okungalawuleki kwezinye izinhlobo nasekuqothulweni kwezinye, njengoba ibhalansi yezinto eziphilayo ilahlekile.
- Kungakusiza: Izibonelo zamaketanga okudla
Izibonelo zamaketanga okudla
- Olwandle, i- phytoplankton (imifino) isebenza njengokudla kwama-malacostraceous crustaceans (krill), adliwa yizinhlanzi ezincane (kakhulu). Lokhu, futhi, kubanjwa izinhlanzi ezinkudlwana ezinjenge-sardine, ezisebenza njengokudla kwezilwane ezifana ne-barracuda. Lezi, lapho zifa, zibola yizidliwayo ezinjengezinkalankala nezinye izinkalankala.
- I- onogwaja Ziphila ngokudla izitshalo namakhambi, kepha zidliwa ama-pumas, izimpungushe, namanye ama-quadrupeed asezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Lapho zifa, lezi zamuva zikhonza njengokudla kwezinyoni ezifileyo ezinjenge-gallinazos (zamuros).
- I- izitshalo Zikhulelwa yizibungu, ezisebenza njengokudla kwezinyoni ezincane ezahlukahlukene, zona-ke zidliwa yizinyoni ezizingelayo ezifana nokhozi noma uklebe, imizimba yazo ezobola ibhaktheriya nesikhunta lapho sifa.
- I- izinambuzane njengama-lobster adla amaqabunga ezitshalo, amasele adla izinambuzane awadle, nezinyoka zidla ubuhlalu. Futhi ekugcineni, lezi zinyoka zingadliwa ezinkulu.
- I- zooplankton yasolwandle Isebenza njengokudla kwemikhomo, okuyibamba ngamabhele abo amade, futhi lokhu kudliwa ngumuntu.
- Inyama ebolayo ye- izilwane ezifile Isebenza njengokudla kwezimpungushe zezimpukane, okuthi lapho zikhula futhi zibe imicabango zizodliwa yizicabucabu, zona-ke izisulu zezinye izicabucabu ezinkulu, ezisebenza njengokudla kwama-raccoon nama-coati, ekugcineni ezitholwa izinyoka ezizingelayo ezidlayo i-Jingle Bell.
- I- idlelo wondla izimvu, izisulu ezizithandayo zama-jaguar nama-puma, okuthi, lapho zifa, zibolile zibe ama-humus ngama-bacterium nesikhunta, ngaleyondlela ziphinde zondle utshani.
- I- ICortex lezi zihlahla zisebenza njengokudla kwezinhlobo ezithile zesikhunta, nakho okungukudla kwamagundane amancane (njengama-squirrels), nawo adliwa yizinyoni ezidla inyama (njengezikhova).
- I- I-phytoplankton yasolwandle Kungukudla kwama-bivalve anjengezimbaza, ezidliwa izinkalankala bese kuthi lezi zilwane zilandelane nazo.
- I- amabhungane Ama-Peloteros adla indle yezilwane eziphakeme, kepha adonswa yizibankwa nezibankwa, bese edla izilwane ezincelisayo ezinjengama-coyotes.
- Izinambuzane eziningi ziyathanda izinyosi Ziphila ngompe wezimbali, futhi zidliwa yizicabucabu zona ezondla izinyoni ezincane, izisulu zamakati asendle njengekati lasendle.
- I- umagazine Ulwandle londla izinhlanzi ezincane ezinjenge-squid, ezizingelwa ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezinesilinganiso esimaphakathi, nakho ukudla kwezilwane zasolwandle nezincelisayo zasolwandle, nakho okungazingelwa imikhomo ye-orca.
- Izinto eziphilayo ezibolayo zondla amabhaktheriya, enza okufanayo nge-protozoa (njenge-amoebae ephila mahhala), futhi lawa anama-nematode athile (izibungu), nawo ahlinzeka ngokudla kwama-nematode amakhulu.
- I- izimvemvane Ziphila ngokudla umpe wezimbali noma wezithelo, futhi zingukudla kwezinambuzane ezidlayo ezifana nemantis yokukhuleka. Kepha futhi kusebenza njengokudla kwamalulwane, ekugcineni abanjwa yizilwane ezingama- possum.
- I- izimila Ixhasa imifino emikhulu edla imifino efana nedube, yona edliwa yingwenya.
- I- izibungu zomhlaba Ziphila ngokudla okubolayo emhlabeni uqobo lwazo, futhi zona ziwukudla kwezinyoni ezincane, futhi eziyizisulu zezinhlanzi zokuzingela ezinjengamakati, okuthi uma zifa, zibuyisele izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni ukuphakela izikelemu ezintsha.
- I- ukolweni Isebenza njengokudla kwezinkukhu, amaqanda adliwe ama-weasel, futhi lokhu kulandelwa ukuzingela izinyoka.
- Abanye izicabucabu zamanzi Zidla izibungu zokuzingela zezinye izinambuzane, ngesikhathi sezicwile emanzini, futhi ngasikhathi sinye zisebenza njengezisulu zezinhlanzi ezithile zemifula, ezizingelwa yinyoni yaseKingfisher noma onogolantethe.
- Olwandle, i- plankton Isebenza njengokudla kwezinhlanzi ezincane, futhi lezi zezinhlanzi ezinkulu ezithiwe yizinhlanzi ezinkulu. Isaga sithi kuhlala kukhona inhlanzi enkulu olwandle.
- Abanye izinambuzane eziphazamisayo eboyeni bezilwane ezincelisayo (njengemikhaza) ziwukudla kwezinyoni ezi-symbiotic ezithola ukudla kwazo ngokuhlanza lezi zilwane ezincelisayo. Lezi zinyoni nazo zihlaselwa yizinyoni ezidla njenge-condor.
- Bheka futhi: Kuyini ukusebenzisana?
