Izibonelo Zamahlathi

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Izinhlobo zamahlathi
Izibonelo zamahlathi
Imininingwane engaphezulu?

I- izinkuni Ziyisimo semvelo esinemifino emide, ngokuvamile izihlahla nezitshalo eziluhlaza, ezinomqhele obanzi, eziphinde zisebenze njengezindawo zezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane.

I- izinkuni Zisatshalaliswa kabanzi emhlabeni, zivumelaniswa nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene kanye nomswakama nezimo eziphakeme, yingakho zidlala indima ebalulekile kumjikelezo wekhabhoni womhlaba.

Ihlathi lingahlanganiswa neqembu elikhulu lezinhlobo zezitshalo, noma libe khona ngobuningi bohlobo olufanayo lwesihlahla. Azikho izindlela ezihleliwe zokuhlukanisa ihlathi kwamanye amaqoqo ezihlahla anendawo, yize kuvame ukukhethwa leli gama ihlathi ngamahlathi emvula aluhlaza kakhulu futhi achichima kakhulu, kanye ne isihlahla yezindawo ezincane nezincane kakhulu noma ihlathi futhi Ipaki kwabalawulwa ngokwengeziwe, ngokuvamile kungenelelwa ngesandla somuntu.

Izinhlobo zamahlathi

Ngokuya ngohlobo lohlaza, zihlukaniswa zaba:

Ihlathi le-Broadleaf (ukhuni oluqinile). Ucebe kakhulu ezinhlotsheni, uvame ukufana noma usondele emahlathini.
Ihlathi le-Needle-leaf (ama-conifers). Izindawo ezibandayo ezijwayelekile, zivame ukubonakaliswa ngokugqama kwezihlahla ezisezingeni eliphakeme nezinkuni ukuzivocavoca.
Amahlathi ahlanganisiwe. Lapho okuhlanganisiwe khona okumbili.

Ngokuya ngesizini yamahlamvu awo, kunezinhlobo ezimbili:

Amahlathi e-evergreen. Lokho kuluhlaza njalo, ngaphandle kokulahleka (noma ubuncane) bamaqabunga.
Amahlathi ahlabayo. Labo abalahlekelwa amahlamvu abo ezinkathini ezithile bese beba luhlaza.

Ngokuya ngobude nesimo sezulu, bahlukaniswa baba:

Amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo. Zaziwa ngokuthi "amahlathi", ziningi futhi ziluhlaza, ngesimo sezulu esifudumele futhi esinomswakama kakhulu, esisendaweni yebhande le-equator.
Amahlathi angaphansi komhlaba. Imvamisa inenala, ingaba manzi noma yomile kanye nokwehluka okubanzi
Amahlathi apholile. Zigcwalisa izindawo ezifudumele nezibandayo ezinotshani obuningi be-coniferous.
Amahlathi eboreal. Etholakala ezindaweni eziseduze nezigxobo, amelana nesimo sezulu esingezansi.

Ngokuya ngobude lapho zikhula khona, zingaba:

Amahlathi asezindaweni eziphansi. Zingaba basal, plain noma uzamcolo.
Amahlathi asezintabeni. Ihlukaniswe yaba yi-premontane, montane noma i-subalpine.

Amahlathi eSequoias. Ezinhlotsheni zayo ezimbili ezidume kakhulu, i- Sequoiadendron giganteum kanye ne- I-Sequoia sempervirens, lezi zihlahla Babhekwa njengabakhulu kunabo bonke futhi abade kunabo bonke emhlabeni, ngokulandelana. Ziyisici se-United States, ikakhulukazi eYosemite naseRedwood National Parks, okubaluleke kakhulu emlandweni nasehlathini.

Ihlathi laseAndean Patagonian. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i- Ihlathi elibandayo laseValdivian, itholakala eningizimu yeChile nasentshonalanga ye-Argentina, endaweni enomswakama, epholile futhi enezintaba eduze kwezintaba i-Andes.

Ihlathi leBoulogne. Ngendawo engamahektha angama-846, ilingana kabili nenani leCentral Park eNew York, yipaki yomphakathi yaseParis futhi ingenye yezindawo eziphambili eYurophu. Iqukethe uhlaza oluningi lwezinkuni ezibanzi, ezilawulwayo nezasekhaya ukufeza indawo yokuzilibazisa noma ezokungcebeleka zasemadolobheni.

UHayedo de Montejo. Ihlathi le-Beech (I-Fagus sylvatica) wamahektha angama-250 obuso, asenyakatho nesifundazwe saseMadrid, asemngceleni womfula iJarama, eSpain. Lingelinye lamahlathi e-beech aseningizimu nezwekazi kanye nesiza sentshisekelo kuzwelonke kusukela ngo-1974.

I-taiga yaseRussia. Ama-taiga noma amahlathi abolile ajwayelekile esifundeni saseSiberia maningi naphezu kwamazinga okushisa kakhulu (19 ° C ehlobo no -30 ° C ebusika), ngemvula yaminyaka yonke engama-450mm. Lokho kusho ukuthi izitshalo zinesikhathi esihle sezinyanga ezine onyakeni, ngaphandle kokuthi ama-evergreen conifers avame ukudlula ama-40m ukuphakama.

Ihlathi laseBavaria. Etholakala eBavaria, eningizimu yeJalimane, ifinyelela e-Austria naseCzechoslovakia, lapho ithola khona amanye amagama (Sauwald kanye neBohemian Forest, ngokulandelana). Kuyindawo ebalulekile yemvelo yaseYurophu nomthombo wezokuvakasha eziningi, ngoba ngaphakathi kuneBavarian Forest National Park.

IMagellan subpolar ihlathi. Kutholakala ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zezintaba i-Andes, kanye naseTierra del Fuego, yabelana ngezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo zayo namanye amahlathi aseningizimu e-Australia, eTasmania naseNew Zealand, yize inezinhlobo zezinhlobo eziphilayo ezifana nohlobo oluthile lwe-beech. Isimo sezulu sazo siphakathi kuka-6 no-3 ° C kuye ngokuthi zisondele kangakanani e-Antarctica.

Ihlathi leUSainte Baume. Waziwa ngokuthi "ihlathi likaMary Magdalene" futhi eduze naseMarseille, eFrance, Ithathwa njengehlathi eliyindida ngoba iqukethe umhume okwakuthiwa umlingiswa waseBhayibhelini wafa ngemuva kokuxoshwa kwakhe ePalestine.. Leli hlathi cishe lingamakhilomitha ayi-12 ubude eweni elinamadwala futhi namuhla liyisikhungo sokuhambela eFrench Provence.

IConguillío National Park. Kutholakala e-Chilean Araucanía, inendawo engamahektha angama-60,832 wezimbali ezahlukahlukene nezingafani nesifunda, ubukhulu babo bama-araucarias nama-coigües bukhumbuza ngezikhathi zangaphambi komlando. Umswakama ohlobene nendawo uphansi, kepha isimo sezulu esibandayo ebusika ngokuvamile siletha amakhaza amabi kakhulu.

Ipaki kazwelonke iCanaima. Kutholakala esifundeni saseBolívar, eVenezuela, kuyindawo eyiGugu Lomhlaba le-UNESCO kusukela ngo-1994 futhi ipaki lesithupha ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Ububanzi bendawo engama-30,000 km², kuze kufike emngceleni neGuyana neBrazil, futhi kunezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kuka-300 ezikhona.

Ipaki Kazwelonke Yezintaba Ezinkulu Ezibhemayo. Kuyintaba embozwe ngamahlathi phakathi kwezifundazwe zaseNorth Carolina naseTennessee, eyaziwa ngokuthi Izintaba Ezinkulu Ezibhemayo. Kuyisiqiwi esivakashelwa kakhulu e-United States.

Ihlathi leFontainebleau. Amakhilomitha angama-60 ukusuka eParis, leli hlathi, elalaziwa phambilini njengeBeer Forest, lihlanganisa indawo engamahektha angama-25,000, phakathi kwawo kukhona amadolobha aseFontainebleau nase-Avon. Abadwebi be-Impressionist bekhulu le-19 babevame ukukhuthazwa ukuhlangana kwayo okunothile kwemibala yobuciko bakho.

Ihlathi Elimnyama. Njengamahlathi asezintabeni aminyene kunehlathi elifanele elishisayo lase-tropical, lesi sifunda saseningizimu-ntshonalanga yaseJalimane asifakwanga ngezindlela eziningi zobuciko futhi namuhla siyindawo ebalulekile yezivakashi yemvelo. Ungumucu wezimila u-160 km ubude futhi uphakathi kwamakhilomitha angama-30 no-60 ububanzi., ngokuya ngesifunda, lapho izihlahla ze-fir zihlala khona.

Ihlathi le-Styx Valley. Ihlathi Elipholile Le-Eucalyptus lapho kukhona izitshalo ezinde kunazo zonke emhlabeni (i U-Eucalyptus regnans), itholakala esigodini saseTasmania, eNingizimu ye-Australia, iwele uMfula iStyx. Indawo yayo yonke ayaziwa.

ILos Haitises National Park. Ngasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeDominican Republic kunendawo yama-mogotes asondelene, anezimila eziminyene zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezingamakhilomitha angama-3,600. Igama layo livela egameni labomdabu ukuqoka lokhu kuphakama kwamatshe okungazelelwe okungafinyelela ku-40m ukuphakama.

Umsindo we-Clayoquot. Ligcwele abantu bomdabu baseNuu-Chah-Nulth, leli hlathi elisogwini olusentshonalanga yesiQhingi saseVancouver licekelwe phansi yimboni yokugawula, inikezwe impilo yayo yezitshalo ecebile yama-conifers abanda kakhulu. Ukuvikelwa kwehlathi ngamaqembu ezinhlanga kanye nezishoshovu ze-Green Peace kubeka isibonelo esibalulekile kulolu hlobo lwemizamo okwaholela ekusayinweni kwesivumelwano semvelo ngonyaka we-2001.

IPlitvice Lakes National Park. Izindawo ezaziwa kakhulu ngamapaki kazwelonke aseCroatia kanye nesiza samagugu emhlabeni se-UNESCO kusukela ngo-1979, Inendawo engamahektha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-30, okuyi-22,000 yayo embozwe ihlathi, i-beech yayo engama-90%. Leli paki lalingenele ukhetho lokuba ngomunye weZimangaliso Zemvelo Eziyisikhombisa Zomhlaba ngo-2011.

Ihlathi Lomphakathi LaseCouvet. Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yendawo yaseSwitzerland yakhiwe ngamahlathi. Kulokhu, lesi esiseNeuchâtel, eSwitzerland, singesinye sezivakashelwa kakhulu ezokuvakasha futhi siyingxenye yeziqiwu zezitshalo ezinesizotha esivikelwe yiYurophu.

Izintaba zaseNingizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina. Enye yezindawo ezipholile zesimo sezulu ezinenani elikhulu kunazo zonke zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezise-Greater Asia, iyikhaya le-panda enkulu esengozini njengamanje. Kuphela yi-8% yehlathi eligcinwe lisesimweni esihlenjengoba bonke abanye besemseni wokugawulwa kwemithi ngokungakhethi kanye nokuthuthela emadolobheni.

Ihlathi Labavoti. Kutholakala edolobheni laseRosario, e-Argentina, Yindawo eluhlaza kunazo zonke edolobheni enamahektha angama-260 wokunweba. Yindawo engenelwe kakhulu ngumuntu, ukuvuselela amachibi okufakelwa kanye nemigwaqo eminingi, kanye nezinhlelo eziningi zocwaningo oluzinzile.