Izibonelo ze-Autotrophic Organisms

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Izinhlobo Zezinto Ezizenzakalelayo
Izibonelo ze-Autotrophic Organisms
Ingakusiza

A umzimba (obizwa nangokuthi umuntu ophilayo) iyinhlangano eyinkimbinkimbi yezinhlelo zokuxhumana zamangqamuzana. Lezi zinhlelo zisungula ubudlelwano obuhlukahlukene bangaphakathi (ngaphakathi komzimba) nangaphandle (umzimba nemvelo yaso) okuvumela ukushintshana kwe- ndaba namandla.

Yonke inyama yenza imisebenzi ebalulekile: ukudla, ubudlelwano nokuzala.

Ngokuya ngendlela abenza ngayo umsoco wabo, izinto eziphilayo zingaba yi-autotrophic noma i-heterotrophic.

Izinto ze-HeterotrophicZondla ngezinto eziphilayo ezivela kwezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Izidalwa ze-Autotrophic: Bakhiqiza udaba lwabo lwezinto eziphilayo ngezinto ezingaphili (ikakhulukazi isikhutha) kanye Imithombo yamandla njengokukhanya. Ngamanye amagama, abadingi ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo ngokudla kwabo.

Ingakusebenzela: Izibonelo ze-Autotrophic ne-Heterotrophic Organisms

Izinhlobo Zezinto Ezizenzakalelayo

Izinto ze-Autotrophic kungaba:

Ama-photosynthetics: Yizitshalo, ulwelwe kanti ezinye amagciwane ezisebenzisa ukukhanya ukuguqula izinto ezingaphili ezitholakala emvelweni zibe izinto eziphilayo zangaphakathi. Nge-photosynthesis, ukukhanya kwelanga kugcinwa ngendlela yama-molecule we-organic, ikakhulukazi i-glucose. I-photosynthesis yenzeka ikakhulukazi emaqabungeni ezitshalo, ngenxa yama-chloroplast (ama-organelles amaselula aqukethe i-chlorophyll). Inqubo i-carbon dioxide esetshenziselwa ukudala ngayo izinhlanganisela eziphilayo Ibizwa ngokuthi yiCalvin Cycle.
I-Chemosynthetics: Amagciwane enza ukudla kwawo ngezinto eziqukethe i-iron, i-hydrogen, isulfure ne-nitrogen. Azidingi ukukhanya ukwenza i- namachibi yalezo zinto ezingaphili.

I- izidalwa ezizimele Zibalulekile ekukhuleni kwempilo, ngoba yizona zodwa ezingadala, ezintweni ezingaphili, izinto eziphilayo ezizosebenza njengokudla kwazo zonke ezinye izidalwa eziphilayo, kubandakanya nabantu. Kwakuyizidalwa zokuqala eziphilayo emhlabeni.

Amagciwane wesibabule angenambala: (chemosynthetics) Baguqula i-H2S egcwele amanzi angcolile ukuyiguqula ibe ukudla.
Amagciwane e-nitrogen: (chemosynthetics) Zenza i-oxidize i-ammonia ukuyiguqula ibe ama-nitrate.
Amagciwane ensimbi: (chemosynthetics) Ngokusebenzisa i-oxidation, ziguqula izinhlanganisela zensimbi zibe ngamakhemikhali e-ferric.
Ama-bacterium e-Hydrogen: (chemosynthetics) Basebenzisa i-hydrogen yamangqamuzana.
AmaCyanobacteria: (photosynthetic) Okuwukuphela kwezinto eziphilayo ze-prokaryotic ezikwazi ukwenza i-photosynthesis ye-oxygen. Kwakukholakala ukuthi bangolwelwe, kuze kube yilapho bethola umehluko phakathi kwamaseli e-prokaryotic (ngaphandle kwe-cell cell) namaseli e-eukaryotic (ane-cell cell ehlukaniswe ulwelwesi). Basebenzisa i-carbon dioxide njengomthombo wekhabhoni.
I-Rhodophic (i-algae ebomvu) (photosynthetic): Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingama-5000 nezingama-6000. Zingabekwa njengezitshalo noma ama-protists, kuya ngemibandela esetshenzisiwe. Yize ziqukethe i-chlorophyll a, zinamanye ama-pigment afihla umbala oluhlaza we-chlorophyll, futhi uwahlukanise namanye ama-algae. Zitholakala ikakhulu emanzini ajulile.
Ochromonas: (photosynthetic): Ulwelwe unicellular okungokwalwelwe lwegolide (Chrysophyta). Ngenxa ye-flagella yabo bayakwazi ukuhamba.
Iparsley (photosynthetic): Isitshalo se-herbaceous esilinywe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-300 ukuthi sisetshenziswe njengesinongo. Ifinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-15 ukuphakama. Noma kunjalo, ineziqu zezimbali ezingadlula amasentimitha angama-60.
Isiqu se-Sessile (quercus petraea): (photosynthetic) Isihlahla seFrond somndeni we-phagaceae. Unama-acorn avuthwa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Inamaqabunga ane-lobes oyindilinga, lapho kutholakala khona i-chlorophyll.
Imbali yeDaisy (photosynthetic): Igama layo lesayensi liyindida, liyisitshalo se-angiosperm. Kubonakala ngezimbali zayo. Amaqabunga awo, lapho kwenzeka khona i-photosynthesis, imvamisa ihlanganisiwe, iyashintshana, futhi iyavunguza.
Utshani (photosynthetic): Kubizwa nangokuthi utshani noma utshani. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zotshani ezimila embundwini ominyene. Zisetshenziswa ezingadini kepha nasezinkundleni zemidlalo ezahlukahlukene.
I-Hydrangea: (photosynthetic) Ubuningi bezimbali ezakha izigaxa ezinkulu zemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, epinki noma emhlophe ngokuya nge i-asidi umhlabathi.
ULaurel (photosynthetic): Isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza noma isihlahlana (esihlala siluhlaza kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka). Amaqabunga awo, lapho kutholakala khona i-chlorophyll ne-photosynthesis, asetshenziswa njengesinongo.
I-Diatom (photosynthetic): I-photosynthesizing algae unicellular eyingxenye yeplankton. Zikhona njengamakholoni akha imicu, amaribhoni, abalandeli, noma izinkanyezi. Ahlukaniswe nolunye ulwelwe ngoba yonke inyama izungezwe udonga lweseli olulodwa oluqukethe i-opaline silica. Lolu ulwelwesi lubizwa ngokuthi i-frustule.
Elisabeth: Ulwelwe oluhlaza-ophuzi (photosynthetic). Zihlala kakhulu emanzini ahlanzekile nasemhlabathini, yize kukhona nezinhlobo zasolwandle. Ama-chloroplast, abamba iqhaza ku-photosynthesis, abanikeza umbala wabo wesici.