Umlandisi kumuntu wokuqala, wesibili nowesithathu

-Delile

• Izinhlobo zomlandisi
• Izibonelo zomlandisi womuntu wokuqala
• Izibonelo zomlandisi womuntu wesibili
• Izibonelo zomlandisi womuntu wesithathu

I- umxoxi wezindaba yinhlangano exoxa indaba. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa umbalisi nombhali wangempela. Umbalisi akayena umuntu wangempela kepha uyinto engaqondakali. Ngalesi sizathu, kwezinye izimo umbalisi angaba umlingiswa ophambili endabeni, okungukuthi, umlingiswa oqanjiwe.

Abalobi bangahlukaniswa ngokomuntu abamsebenzisa kakhulu ekulandiseni kwabo. Umuntu wesithathu (yena / bona), umuntu wesibili (wena / wena, wena), umuntu wokuqala (mina / thina).

• Umuntu wokuqala. Kusetshenziselwa ukulandisa izehlakalo ngokombono we-protagonist noma omunye wabalingiswa abathintekayo endabeni. Kulezi zimo sikhuluma ngombalisi wangaphakathi, okungukuthi, bangabomhlaba wokucabanga wendaba.
• Umuntu wesibili. Isetshenziselwa ukudala isilaleli sangempela noma sokucabanga. Iphinde isetshenziswe ezingxoxweni, kepha uma kunjalo akuyena umbalisi okhulumayo.
• Umuntu wesithathu. Isetshenziswa lapho ungafuni ukufaka umbalisi kulokho okutshelwayo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imibhalo yomuntu wesithathu kungenzeka ingafaki umuntu wesibili nowokuqala. Kodwa-ke, lapho kunomlandisi womuntu wesibili noma wokuqala, amazwibela amaningi abantu besithathu avame ukufakwa futhi, njengoba kuzobonwa ezibonelweni.

Izinhlobo zomlandisi

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zingasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zomxoxi ngokwazi kwalokho abakulandisayo:

• Umlandisi owazi konke. Uyayazi yonke imininingwane yendaba futhi uyayembula njengoba indaba iqhubeka. Ayidlulisi nje kuphela izenzo kepha futhi nemicabango nemizwa yabalingiswa, ngisho nezinkumbulo zabo. Lo mbalisi uvame ukusebenzisa umuntu wesithathu futhi ubizwa nge- "extradiegetic" ngoba akusiye owomhlaba walokho okubaliswayo (diegesis).
• Umbalisi onguFakazi. Ungumlingisi ekulandiseni kodwa akangeneleli ngqo emicimbini. Utshela lokho akubonile nalokho akutshelwe khona. Kungafaka ukucabanga ngokuthi abanye abantu bazizwa kanjani noma bacabangani, kepha akuzona iziqiniseko. Imvamisa isebenzisa umuntu wesithathu kwesinye isikhathi umuntu wokuqala.
• Umbalisi omkhulu. Xoxa eyakho indaba. Ulandisa izehlakalo ngokombono wakhe, wabelana ngemizwa yakhe, imicabango nezinkumbulo zakhe, kepha akazi ukuthi abanye abalingiswa bacabangani. Ngamanye amagama, ulwazi lwakhe lincane kunolombalisi owazi konke. Isebenzisa umuntu wokuqala kepha futhi nomuntu wesithathu.
• Umlandisi we-Equiscient. Yize elandisa ngomuntu wesithathu, ulwazi lwakhe luyafana nolomunye wabalingiswa. Imvamisa isetshenziswa ezimfihlakalweni noma ezindabeni zamaphoyisa, ihamba nomphenyi ekutholeni kwakhe amaqiniso kancane kancane.
• Umxoxi wezindaba ze-Encyclopedic. Akuvamisile ukutholakala emibhalweni eqanjiwe, kepha kusezincwadini zomlando noma kwezenhlalo. Amaqiniso alandiswa ngokungakhethi okukhulu. Njalo bhala kumuntu wesithathu.
• Umlandisi ompofu. Ulwazi oludlulisayo lungaphansi kolwabalingiswa. Ikhuluma kuphela ngokubonwayo noma okuzwayo, ngaphandle kokudlulisa imicabango noma imizwa yabalingiswa.
• Umlandisi omningi. Indaba efanayo ingatshelwa ngokubuka okuhlukile. Lokhu kungavezwa, ngokwesibonelo, ngokunikezela isahluko kumlandisi ngamunye wofakazi, noma ngombalisi ongenakwenzeka obala izehlakalo kumuntu wesithathu, aqale ngokufaka imininingwane eyaziwa komunye wabalingiswa abese echaza lokho okwaziwa komunye abalingiswa.

Izibonelo zomlandisi womuntu wokuqala

1. Inhlanhla yomqashi weveli, U-Arthur Conan Doyle (umlandi wofakazi)

Uma ucabanga ukuthi uHolmes wayephishekela umsebenzi wakhe ngentshiseko iminyaka engamashumi amabili, nokuthi iminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa yaleyo minyaka ngavunyelwa ukubambisana naye futhi ngilandele imisebenzi yakhe, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi nginezinto eziningi kimi ukulahlwa. Inkinga yami bekulokhu kungukukhetha, hhayi ukuthola. Lapha nginemigqa emide yama-ajenda aminyaka yonke atholakala eshalofini, futhi lapho futhi nginamabhokisi agcwele amadokhumenti akha inkwali yangempela yalabo abafuna ukuzinikela ekutadisheni hhayi kuphela izenzo zobugebengu, kepha nangamahlazo ezenhlalo nezikahulumeni esigabeni sokugcina se- kwaba ngumnqobi. Maqondana nalaba bokugcina, ngifuna ukusho kulabo abangibhalela izincwadi ezikhathazayo, bangincenga ukuthi ngingathinti ukuhlonishwa kwemindeni yabo noma igama elihle lokhokho babo abadumile, ukuthi akukho okumele bakwesabe. Ukubona kanye nomqondo ophakeme wokuhlonishwa kobungcweti okuhlale kuhlukanisa umngane wami kuyaqhubeka nokusebenza kimi emsebenzini wokukhetha lezi zikhumbuzo, futhi akukho ukuzethemba okuyoke kukhashelwe.

1. Uhambo lukaGulliver oluya eLilliput, UJonathan Swift (umlandisi omkhulu)

Ngasebenza njengodokotela emikhunjini emibili ilandelana futhi eminyakeni engaphezu kweyisithupha ngenza uhambo oluningi ngaya eMpumalanga naseWest Indies, okwangivumela ukuba nginyuse umcebo wami. Ngichithe isikhathi sami sokuphumula ngifunda ababhali abaphambili nabasendulo, ngoba ngangihlala ngiphethe izincwadi eziningi. Lapho sengisezweni, ngafunda amasiko nobuntu babantu, futhi ngazama ukufunda ulimi lwabo, okwanginikeza inkumbulo enhle.

1. Izinkumbulo zomhlaba ongaphansi, UFyodor Dostoevsky (umlandisi omkhulu)

Ngisho namanje, ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi kangaka, leyo nkumbulo ihlala icace ngokweqile futhi iyaphazamisa. Nginezinkumbulo eziningi ezingathandeki, kepha ... kungani ungaphazamisi lezi zinkumbulo lapha? Kubonakala kimi ukuthi kube yiphutha ukuqala kwabo. Kodwa-ke okungenani ngiye ngazizwa nginamahloni ngaso sonke isikhathi engibabhalele ngaso, ngakho-ke akuzona izincwadi kepha isijeziso nenhlawulo.

1. Ijabulisa okungenakulibaleka, UJorge Luis Borges (umlandi wofakazi)

Ngiyamkhumbula, ubuso baseNdiya obudangele futhi buqhelelene ngokukhethekile, ngemuva kukasikilidi. Ngikhumbula (ngicabanga) izandla zakhe ezibukhali zokuluka. Ngikhumbula eduze kwalezo zandla umlingani, ephethe izikhali zeBanda Oriental; Ngikhumbula ewindini lendlu uhlaka oluphuzi, olunendawo enamachibi angacacile. Ngilikhumbula kahle izwi lakhe; izwi elihamba kancane, elinentukuthelo, nelamakhala lomuntu wasogwini oludala, ngaphandle kwezimpempe zase-Italy zanamuhla.

1. Imvuthu, UJuan José Arreola (umlandisi omkhulu)

Ngelanga lapho mina noBeatriz sangena kulelo bhala elingcolile endaweni yokubukisa emgwaqweni, ngabona ukuthi lesi silokazane esibi sasiyinto embi kunazo zonke engangizibekelwe yona.

Izibonelo zomlandisi womuntu wesibili

1.  Izinkumbulo ezingaphansi komhlaba, Fiodos Dostoevsky

Zama wena ngokwakho; cela inkululeko eyengeziwe. Thatha noma ngubani, ukhulule izandla zakhe, wandise umkhakha wakho wezinto ozenzayo, ukhulule isiyalo, futhi… kahle, ngikholwe, maduze uzofuna ukuthi ubuyiselwe leso simanga kuwe. Ngiyazi ukuthi lokhu engikushoyo kuzokucasula, nokuthi kuzokukhahlela phansi.

1.  John othandekayo, UNicholas uyasha

Esikhathini sethu sindawonye, ​​ubuphethe indawo ekhethekile enhliziyweni yami engizoqhubeka nayo kuze kube phakade futhi okungekho noyedwa ongangena esikhundleni sayo.

1. Uma ubusuku obusika obunye isihambi, U-alotalo Calvino

Hhayi ukuthi ulindele noma yini ethile evela kulencwadi ethile. Ungumuntu ongasalindeli lutho kunoma yini. Kunabaningi, abancane kunawe noma abancane abancane, abeza belindele amava angajwayelekile; ezincwadini, kubantu, ohambweni, emicimbini, kulokho ikusasa elikuphathele kona. Ungenzi. Uyazi ukuthi okungcono kakhulu ongakuthemba ukugwema okubi kakhulu. Lesi yisiphetho osifinyelele, empilweni yomuntu uqobo nasezindabeni ezijwayelekile nasezindabeni zomhlaba.

1. Aura, UCarlos Fuentes

Uyahamba, kulokhu ngokunengeka, ubheke kuleso sifuba lapho kugcwele khona amagundane, amehlo abo amancane agqamile avela phakathi kwamabhodi abolile phansi, bayanyenya beqonde ezimbotsheni ezivulekile odongeni olumangele. Uvula isifuba bese ususa iqoqo lesibili lamaphepha. Ubuyela enyaweni yombhede; UNkk Consuelo uphulula unogwaja wakhe omhlophe.

1. Incwadi eya entokazini eParis, UJulio Cortazar

Uyazi ukuthi kungani ngize endlini yakho, egumbini lakho elithulile eliceliwe emini. Konke kubukeka kungokwemvelo, njengenjwayelo lapho iqiniso lingaziwa. Uye eParis, ngahlala nomnyango kuSuipacha Street, sachaza uhlelo olulula nolwanelisayo lokuhlalisana bobabili kuze kube nguSepthemba ekubuyisela eBuenos Aires.

Izibonelo zomlandisi womuntu wesithathu

1. Ubusuku emuva, UJulio Cortázar (umlandi wokuqonda)

Maphakathi nephaseji ende yehhotela, wacabanga ukuthi kumele kuhlwe futhi waphuthuma wangena emgwaqeni wayolanda isithuthuthu ekhoneni lapho umnyango wasekhaya wamvumela ukuba asigcine khona. Esitolo sobucwebe ekhoneni wabona ukuthi sekuyimizuzu eyishumi ngaphambi kwehora lesishiyagalolunye; wayefika lapho aye khona ngesikhathi esiningi. Ilanga lihlunge ezakhiweni ezinde eziphakathi nendawo, futhi yena - ngoba kuye, ukucabanga ukuthi, akanalo igama - obekwe emshinini, ethanda ukugibela. Ibhayisikili laqubuka phakathi kwemilenze yakhe, nomoya opholile waphephetha ebhulukweni lakhe.

1.  Awuzwa izinja zikhonkotha, UJuan Rulfo

Ikhehla lahlehla laze lahlangana nodonga lancika lapho, ngaphandle kokudedela umthwalo emahlombe alo. Yize imilenze yakhe ibigobile, ubengafuni ukuhlala phansi, ngoba ngemuva kwalokho ubengeke akwazi ukuphakamisa isidumbu sendodana yakhe, ebisizwe ukusibeka emhlane wakhe ezinsukwini ezedlule. Kwakunjalo-ke kusukela lapho.

1. Kungcono kunokushisa, UClarice Lispector

Ubengene esigodlweni ngokunikwa umndeni: befuna ukumbona evikelekile esifubeni sikaNkulunkulu. Walalela.

1. Umcamelo wophaphe, Horacio Quiroga.

Isikhathi sabo sangemva komshado sasiba semakhazeni isikhathi eside. U-Blond, uyingelosi futhi unamahloni, umlingiswa onzima womyeni wakhe wabandisa ubungane bakhe obunamaphupho. Wayemthanda kakhulu, kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi ngokuthuthumela okuncane lapho, lapho ebuya ngomgwaqo ndawonye ebusuku, ebuka kancane ubude beJordani, eyisimungulu ihora lonke.

1. Ingoma kaPeronelle, UJuan José Arreola

Kusuka engadini yakhe yezithelo yama-apula ecacile, uPeronelle de Armentières uqondise i-rondel yakhe yokuqala yokubonisana noMaestro Guillermo. Wafaka amavesi kubhasikidi wezithelo ezinephunga elimnandi, umyalezo wawa njengelanga lasentwasahlobo empilweni yobumnyama yembongi.

• Qhubeka: Umbhalo wezincwadi

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