Izibonelo Zemithetho Yemvelo

-Delile

Izibonelo zemithetho yemvelo

I-imithetho yemvelo yiziphakamiso ezisho izinto ezingapheli. Bacatshangelwanjalo ngoba zitholakale ziphindelela ezimeni nasezimeni ezahlukahlukene.

Ukwakhiwa kwemithetho kusekelwe ekubukeni okunamandla kwezinto zemvelo, ezivumela ukudweba iziphetho mayelana nokuvela kwazo nokubikezela kwazo.

Izici zemithetho yemvelo yilezi:

Okuvamile. Uma nje izimo ezichazwe ngumthetho zihlangatshezwa, lo mkhuba uzokwenzeka.
Izinhloso. Imithetho yemvelo ihlose, okusho ukuthi, ingaqinisekiswa yinoma ngubani.
Ukuqagela. Njengoba zikhona jikelele, ziyasivumela ukuthi sibone kusengaphambili ukuthi izenzeko ezithile zizokwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Eminye imithetho iqanjwa ngososayensi owathola lo mkhuba, njengoNewton, Kepler, noma uMendel.

Bheka futhi: Entropy ngokwemvelo

Umthetho Wokuqala KaNewton. Umthetho we-inertia. U-Isaac Newton wayengusosayensi, umsunguli nesazi sezibalo. Uthole imithetho elawula i-classical physics. Umthetho wawo wokuqala uthi: "Wonke umzimba uphikelela esimeni sawo sokuphumula noma umfaniswano noma i-rectilinear motion, ngaphandle kwalapho uphoqelelwa ukushintsha isimo sawo, ngamabutho agxishiwe kuwo."
Umthetho wesibili kaNewton. Umthetho oyisisekelo we-dynamics. "Ushintsho ekusheshisweni kwenhlangano lilingana ngqo namandla esisusa aphrintiwe futhi lwenzeka ngokuya ngomugqa oqondile lapho lawo mandla ephrintwa khona."
Umthetho wesithathu kaNewton. Umgomo wesenzo nokuphendula. "Isenzo ngasinye sihambisana nokusabela"; "Ngaso sonke isenzo isenzo esilinganayo nesiphikisayo sihlala senzeka, okusho ukuthi, izenzo zomzimba ezimbili zihlala zilingana futhi ziqondiswa kolunye uhlangothi."
Isimiso se-Zero se-thermodynamics. Yenziwe nguRalph Fowler, ithi imizimba emibili esezingeni lokushisa elifanayo ayikushintshi ukushisa. Enye indlela yokuveza lo mthetho: uma ngabe izidumbu ezimbili ezihlukene ngayinye zilingana ngokushisayo nomzimba wesithathu, khona-ke zikulayini wokushiswa komunye nomunye.
Umthetho wokuqala weThermodynamics. Umgomo wokongiwa kwamandla. "Amandla awadaleki noma abhujiswe, aguquka kuphela."
Umthetho wesibili we-thermodynamics. Esimweni sokulingana, amanani athathwe yimingcele yezici zohlelo oluvaliwe lwe-thermodynamic anje ukuthi akhulisa inani lobukhulu obuthile obungumsebenzi walezi zinhlaka, obizwa nge-entropy.
Umthetho wesithathu we-thermodynamics. Ukuthunyelwa kukaNernst. Ithumela izinto ezimbili: lapho ifinyelela ku-zero ngokuphelele (zero Kelvin) noma iyiphi inqubo ohlelweni lomzimba iyama.Lapho ufinyelela ku-zero ngokuphelele, i-entropy ifinyelela inani eliphansi futhi elihlala njalo.
Umthetho wokongiwa kwendaba.Umthetho kaLamonosov Lavoisier. "Isamba senqwaba yazo zonke izidalwa ezibandakanyeka ekuphenduleni silingana nenani laso yonke imikhiqizo etholakele."
Umthetho Wokuqala kaMendel. Umthetho wokufana kwamaheterozygotes esizukulwane sokuqala. UGregor Mendel wayeyisazi semvelo esathola indlela izakhi zofuzo ezidluliselwa ngayo isuka kwesinye isizukulwane iye kwesinye ngokubheka izitshalo. Umthetho wawo wokuqala ukhombisa ukuthi kusukela ekuweleni izinhlanga ezimbili ezimsulwa, umphumela uzoba inzalo enezici ezifanayo, zombili i-phenotypic kanye ne-genotypically phakathi kwazo futhi zizofana ne-phenotypically njengomunye wabazali.
Umthetho Wesibili kaMendel. Umthetho wokuhlukaniswa kwabalingiswa esizukulwaneni sesibili. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwama-gametes, i-allele ngayinye ye-pair ihlukaniswe nenye i-allele ye-pair efanayo, ukunikeza izakhi zofuzo ze-gamete yezingane.
Umthetho wesithathu kaMendel. Umthetho wokuzimela wabalingiswa befa: izici zitholwa njengefa ngokuzimela komunye nomunye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi uzuze ifa kumuntu othile wabazali akusho ukuthi nabanye bazuzwa njengefa.
Umthetho Wokuqala Kepler. UJohannes Kepler wayengusosayensi wezinkanyezi nesazi sezibalo owathola izinto ezingenzeki ekuhambeni kwamaplanethi. Umthetho wakhe wokuqala uthi wonke amaplanethi ahamba azungeze ilanga emzileni oyindilinga. Yonke i-ellipse inezinhlaka ezimbili. Ilanga likomunye wabo.
Umthetho wesibili kaKepler. Isivinini samaplanethi: "I-radius vector ejoyina iplanethi nelanga ishanela izindawo ezilinganayo ngezikhathi ezilinganayo."