Izibonelo eziyi-10 zamaPolymer - Encyclopedia

-Delile

Izinhlobo zePolymer
Izibonelo zama-polymers

I- ama-polymers Angama-molecule amakhulu (ama-macromolecule) akhiwa inyunyana yamamolekyuli amabili noma ngaphezulu amancane abizwa ngama-monomers. AmaMonomers axhunyaniswa komunye nomunye ngokusebenzisa izibopho ezihlanganayo.

Ama-polymers ayizinhlanganisela ezibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ezinye zifeza imisebenzi ebalulekile ezintweni eziphilayo, ngokwesibonelo: amaprotheni, i-DNA. Eziningi zazo zikhona ngokwemvelo futhi cishe kukho konke okusizungezile, ngokwesibonelo: ipulasitiki kuthoyizi; injoloba emasondweni ezimoto; uvolo kuswidi.

Ngokuya ngemvelaphi yabo, ama-polymers angahlukaniswa njengalawa: wemvelo, njengesitashi noma i-cellulose; ama-semisynthetics, njenge-nitrocellulose; futhi okwenziwe, njengenayiloni noma i-polycarbonate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la ma-polymers afanayo angahlukaniswa ngokwendlela yokwenza i-polymerization (inqubo ama-monomers adlula ngayo ukuze enze uchungechunge futhi enze i-polymer), ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali abo nangokuya ngokuziphatha kwabo okushisayo.

Izinhlobo zePolymer

Ngokuya ngemvelaphi yayo:

Ama-polymers wemvelo. Yilawo ma-polymers atholakala emvelweni. Ngokwesibonelo: I-DNA, isitashi, usilika, amaprotheni.
Ama-polymers okufakelwa. Yilawo ma-polymers adalwe ngumuntu ngokukhohliswa kwezimboni kwama-monomers. Ngokwesibonelo: ipulasitiki, imicu, iraba.
Ama-polymeri ayisemi. Yilawo ma-polymers atholakala ngokuguqula ama-polymers wemvelo ngezinqubo zamakhemikhali. Ngokwesibonelo: i-etonite, i-nictrocellulose.

Landela ku: Ama-polymers wemvelo nawokwenziwa

Ngokwenqubo ye-polymerization:

Ukwengeza. Uhlobo lwe-polymerization olwenzeka lapho ubukhulu be-molekyuli ye-polymer buphinda ngqo ubukhulu besisindo se-monomer. Ngokwesibonelo: i-vinyl chloride.

Ukuqina. Uhlobo lwe-polymerization olwenzeka lapho ubukhulu be-molekyuli ye-polymer bungeyona into eqondile yesisindo se-monomer, lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ekuhlanganeni kwama-monomers kukhona ukulahleka kwamanzi noma i-molecule ethile. Ngokwesibonelo: abicah.

Ngokwakheka kwayo:

Ama-polymeri we-organic. Uhlobo lwama-polymers anama-athomu ekhabhoni ochungechungeni lwawo olukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo: iuvolo, ukotini.
Ama-polymer we-vinyl wemvelo. Uhlobo lwama-polymers oluchungechunge lwawo olukhulu lwakhiwe kuphela ngama-athomu ekhabhoni. Ngokwesibonelo: i-polyethylene.
Ama-polymers angenayo i-vinyl ephilayo. Uhlobo lwama-polymers anekhabhoni neoksijini kanye / noma ama-athomu enitrogen kuchungechunge lwawo olukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo: ama-polyesters.
Ama-polymers angaphili. Uhlobo lwama-polymers angenawo ama-athomu ekhabhoni ochungechungeni lwawo olukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo: ama-silicone.

Ngokuya ngokuziphatha kwayo okushisayo:

Kuyelapheka. Uhlobo lwama-polymers okuthi, lapho izinga lokushisa kwawo likhuphuka, libole ngamakhemikhali. Ngokwesibonelo: ebonite.
Ama-Thermoplastics. Uhlobo lwama-polymers angathambisa noma ancibilike lapho efudunyezwa bese ebuyisa izindawo zawo lapho selehlile. Ngokwesibonelo: inayiloni.
Ama-Elastomers. Uhlobo lwama-polymers angasetshenziswa kalula futhi abunjwe ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izakhiwo noma ukwakheka kwawo. Ngokwesibonelo: injoloba, abicah.