Izilwane ezifudukayo

-Delile

• Izibonelo zezilwane ezifudukayo

I- ukufuduka kungukuhamba kwamaqembu ezinto eziphilayo kusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye. Kuyindlela yokuphila evumela izilwane ukuthi zigweme izimo ezingezinhle endaweni yazo, njengamazinga okushisa kakhulu noma ukusweleka kokudla.

I- izilwane ezifudukayo Bajwayele ukwenza njalo ngezikhathi ezithile, okungukuthi, benza uhambo olufanayo lokujikeleza ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka (ngokwesibonelo, entwasahlobo noma ekwindla). Ngamanye amagama, ukufuduka kulandela iphethini.

Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka futhiukufuduka unomphela.

Lapho iqembu lezilwane lithathwa ngumuntu lisuswa endaweni yalo yemvelo liyiswe endaweni entsha, akubhekwa njengokufuduka, ngoba akuyona inqubo engokwemvelo. Kulezi zimo ibizwa ngokuthi "ukwethulwa kwezinhlobo zangaphandle".

I- izinqubo zokufuduka yimicimbi yemvelo egcina i- ibhalansi emvelweni ababamba iqhaza kule nqubo (i-ecosystem yokuqala, imvelo ephakathi nendawo lapho amaqembu abafudukayo edlula khona kanye nohlelo lwemvelo olutholayo ekugcineni kohambo).

Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukwethulwa kohlobo lwangaphandle ku okwenziwe ibilindele imithelela yemvelo ebilindelwe futhi engalindelekile.

Bamba iqhaza ekufudukeni izici eziphilayo (izilwane ezifudukayo) futhi izici ze-abiotic ezisetshenziswa yizilwane, njengemisinga yomoya noma amanzi.

Ezinye izinto ze-abiotic nazo zingaba izimbangela zokufuduka, njengokuhluka ekukhanyeni nasekushiseni okwenzeka ngezinguquko zonyaka.

Izibonelo zezilwane ezifudukayo

1. Umkhomo i-humpback (yubarta): Umkhomo ohambisa zonke izilwandle zomhlaba, ngaphandle kokwehlukahluka okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa. Ebusika zihlala emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo. Lapha ziyakhwelana bese zizala amaphuphu azo. Njengoba amazinga okushisa enyuka, angena emanzini asezindaweni eziphakeme lapho adla khona. Ngamanye amagama, ahamba phakathi kwezindawo zokuphakela nezindawo zokuzalela. Bahamba isilinganiso esingu-1.61 km ngehora. Lolu hambo lufinyelela ebangeni elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-17.
2. I-Loggerhead: Ufudu oluhlala ezilwandle ezipholile, kepha lufudukela emanzini ashisayo noma asezindaweni ezishisayo ebusika. Isikhathi sabo esiningi basichitha emanzini kanti esifazane sikhuphukela olwandle kuphela ukuze sizale. Baphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-67. Kuyinto yezinhlobo ezinkulu, efinyelela kuma-90 cm ubude nesisindo esimaphakathi esingu-130 kg. Ukwenza ukufuduka kwabo, basebenzisa imisinga yeNorth Pacific. Zinomunye wemizila emide yokufuduka, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane zasolwandle, ezifinyelela ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-12.
3. Unogolantethe omhlophe: Inyoni enkulu, emnyama nomhlophe. Amaqembu ase-Europe afudukela e-Afrika ebusika. Kuyamangaza ukuthi kulo mzila bayakugwema ukuwela uLwandle iMedithera, ngakho-ke benza umgwaqo obheke eStrait of Gibraltar. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amakholomu ashisayo awasebenzisayo ukundiza kuphela endaweni yezindawo zomhlaba. Ngemuva kwalokho iyaqhubeka iye eNdiya naseNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia.
4. Ihansi laseCanada: Inyoni endiza ngamaqembu akha i-V. Inamaphiko wamamitha ayi-1.5 nesisindo samakhilo ayi-14. Umzimba wayo unombala ompunga kodwa ubonakala ngekhanda nentamo emnyama, inebala elimhlophe ezihlathini. Uhlala eNyakatho Melika, emachibini, emachibini, nase imifula. Ukufuduka kwabo kwenzeka ekufuneni isimo sezulu esifudumele nokutholakala kokudla.
5. I-Barn Swallow (Andorine): Yinkonjane esatshalaliswa kakhulu emhlabeni. Inyoni ehlala eYurophu, e-Asia, e-Afrika naseMelika. Iyanda nabantu ngoba isebenzisa izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngabantu ukwakha izidleke (ukuzala). Ihlala ezindaweni ezivulekile njengamadlelo namadlelo, igwema izimila eziminyene, indawo emaweni nezindawo ezisemadolobheni. Lapho zifuduka, zikhetha futhi izindawo ezivulekile nokusondela kwamanzi. Zindiza emini, naphakathi nokufuduka.
6. ICalifornia Sea Lion: Kuyisilwane esincelisayo sasolwandle, somndeni ofanayo wezimvu zamanzi nama-walrus. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana itholakala eziqhingini nasogwini olusuka eningizimu yeCalifornia kuya eningizimu yeMexico, ikakhulukazi eziqhingini zaseSan Miguel naseSan Nicolás. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yokukhwelana zifudukela emanzini ase-Alaska lapho zondla khona, zihamba amakhilomitha angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili.
7. Impukane yedrako: Yisinambuzane esindizayo esikwazi ukufuduka olwandle. Ngokuyinhloko izinhlobo zePantala Flavescens zenza ukufuduka okude kunazo zonke izinambuzane. Uhambo lubuyela emuva naphakathi kweNdiya neMpumalanga Afrika. Ibanga eliphelele elihanjiwe lingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-15.
8. Monarch uvemvane: Inamaphiko anamaphethini awolintshi namnyama. Phakathi kwezinambuzane, loluvemvane luthutha kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inempilo ende kakhulu kunezinye izimvemvane, efinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-9. Phakathi kuka-Agasti no-Okthoba, isuka eCanada iye eMexico, lapho ihlala khona kuze kube nguMashi, lapho ibuyela enyakatho.
9. Inkonkoni: Kuyinto okukhanyayo ngesici esithile, esifana ngokuphatha izinwele kepha ezinezinselo nekhanda okufana kakhulu nokwenkunzi. Bahlangana ngamaqembu amancane abuye ahlangane, akhe izinhlanganisela ezinkulu zabantu ngabanye. Ukufuduka kwabo kugqugquzelwa ukushoda kokudla namanzi: babheka utshani obusha ngokushintsha kwesizini kanye namanzi emvula. Ukuhamba kwalezi zilwane kwenziwa kubabaze ngomsindo omkhulu nokudlidlizela emhlabathini okukhiqizwa ukufuduka kwazo. Bathatha uhambo oluyisiyingi bezungeza uMfula iSerengeti.
10. Ama-shearwaters amanzi (amachibi amnyama ashear): Izinyoni zasolwandle ezihlala olwandle i-Atlantic, Pacific kanye naseNdiya. Ingamasentimitha angama-45 ubude futhi izimpiko zayo zisatshalaliswa ngaphezu kwemitha ububanzi. Inombala onsundu onsundu. Ingandiza ifike kumakhilomitha angama-910 ngosuku. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, sitholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yolwandle i-Atlantic nePacific, eziqhingini ezincane ezungeze iNew Zealand noma iziQhingi zaseFalkland. Ekupheleni kwalesosikhathi (phakathi kukaMashi noMeyi) baqala umzila oyisiyingi oya enyakatho. Ngesikhathi sehlobo nasekwindla ihlala enyakatho Nenkabazwe.
11. IPlankton: Ingabe izinto ezincane kakhulu entanta emanzini. Uhlobo lokufuduka olwenziwa yi-plankton yasolwandle lunezikhathi ezimfushane kakhulu namabanga amafushane kunezinye izinhlobo ezifudukayo. Kodwa-ke, ukunyakaza okubalulekile nokujwayelekile: ebusuku kuhlala ezindaweni ezingajulile futhi emini kwehla ngamamitha ayi-1,200. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi idinga amanzi angaphezulu ukuze izondle, kepha futhi idinga ukubanda kwamanzi ajulile ukunciphisa ijubane lomzimba futhi ngaleyo ndlela konge amandla.
12. I-American reindeer (caribou): Ihlala enyakatho yezwekazi laseMelika futhi lapho izinga lokushisa liqala ukukhuphuka zifudukela kuma-tundras asenyakatho kakhulu, lize liqale ukukhithika. Ngamanye amagama, zihlala zigcinwa ezindaweni ezibandayo kepha zivikela izinkathi zeqhwa lapho ukudla kuyindlala. Abesifazane baqala ukufuduka okuhambisana nabancane ngaphambi kweMays. Muva nje kubhekwe ukuthi ukubuyela eningizimu kubambezelekile, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
13. Uhlobo lwenhlanzi: Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesalmon zihlala emifuleni ngesikhathi sobusha, bese zifudukela olwandle empilweni yabantu abadala. Lapho zikhula ngosayizi futhi zivuthwa ngokocansi. Uma sebekhulile, babuyela emifuleni bayozala. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, ama-salmon awasebenzisi amathuba emisinga yokufuduka kwawo kwesibili, kodwa okuphambene nalokho: ahambela phezulu amelane nomsinga wamanje.